Related papers: Counterfactual Quantum Cryptography
We review the main protocols for key distribution based on principles of quantum mechanics, describing the general underlying ideas, discussing implementation requirements and pointing out directions of current experiments. The issue of…
A new cryptographic tool, anonymous quantum key technique, is introduced that leads to unconditionally secure key distribution and encryption schemes that can be readily implemented experimentally in a realistic environment. If quantum…
We present a three-stage quantum cryptographic protocol guaranteeing security in which each party uses its own secret key. Unlike the BB84 protocol, where the qubits are transmitted in only one direction and classical information exchanged…
Modern communication strives towards provably secure systems which can be widely deployed. Quantum key distribution provides a methodology to verify the integrity and security of a key exchange based on physical laws. However, physical…
By analogy to classical cryptography, we develop a "quantum public key" based cryptographic scheme in which the two public and private keys consist in each of two entangled beams of squeezed light. An analog message is encrypted by…
Based on the firm laws of physics rather than unproven foundations of mathematical complexity, quantum cryptography provides a radically different solution for encryption and promises unconditional security. Quantum cryptography systems are…
Quantum key distribution (QKD) is the most widely studied quantum cryptographic model that exploits quantum effects to achieve information-theoretically secure key establishment. Conventional QKD contains public classical post-processing…
The secure transfer of information is an important problem in modern telecommunications. Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a solution to this problem by using individual quantum systems to generate correlated bits between remote…
Quantum cryptographic protocols solve the longstanding problem of distributing a shared secret string to two distant users by typically making use of one-way quantum channel. However, alternative protocols exploiting two-way quantum channel…
Over decades quantum cryptography has been intensively studied for unconditionally secured data transmission in a quantum regime. Due to the quantum loopholes caused by imperfect single photon detectors and/or lossy quantum channels,…
Quantum key distribution is a cryptographic primitive for the distribution of symmetric encryption keys between two parties that possess a pre-shared secret. Since the pre-shared secret is a requirement, quantum key distribution may be…
A quantum key distribution protocol based on time coding uses delayed one photon pulses with minimum time-frequency uncertainty product. Possible overlap between the pulses induces an ambiguous delay measurement and ensures a secure key…
By carrying out measurements on entangled states, two parties can generate a secret key which is secure not only against an eavesdropper bound by the laws of quantum mechanics, but also against a hypothetical "post-quantum" eavesdroppers…
We propose here a quantum secret sharing scheme that works for both quantum and classical secrets. The proposed scheme is based on both entanglement swapping and teleportation together. It allows sender to encrypt his/her secret and…
Secret sharing, in which a dealer wants to split a secret in such a way that any unauthorized subset of parties is unable to reconstruct it, plays a key role in cryptography. The security of quantum protocols for the task is guaranteed by…
A quantum protocol is described which enables a user to send sealed messages and that allows for the detection of active eavesdroppers. We examine a class of eavesdropping strategies, those that make use of quantum operations, and we…
A communication protocol is introduced that allows the receiver of a message to place an a posteriori bound on the amount of information that an eavesdropper could have obtained during transmission of that message. This quantum…
We present a quantum key distribution protocol based on four-level particles entanglement. Furthermore, a controlled quantum key distribution protocol is proposed by utilizing three four-level particles. We show that the two protocols are…
Random generation and confidential distribution of cryptographic keys are fundamental building blocks of secure communication. Using quantum states in which the transmitted quantum bit is entangled with a stationary memory quantum bit…
Quantum key distribution (QKD) offers a way for establishing information-theoretically secure communications. An important part of QKD technology is a high-quality random number generator (RNG) for quantum states preparation and for…