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After close to 20 years of preparation, the dedicated heavy ion experiment ALICE took first data with proton collisions at the LHC starting in November 2009 and first Pb-Pb data in November 2010. This article summarizes initial operation…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Jurgen Schukraft

The Large Hadron Collider will commence operations in the latter half of 2008. The plans of the LHC experiments ALICE, ATLAS, CMS and LHCb are described. The scenario for progression of luminosity and the strategies of these 4 experiments…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2008-08-25 Wesley H. Smith

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN has been instrumental in recent advances in experimental high energy physics by colliding beams of protons and heavier nuclei at unprecedented energies. The present heavy-ion programme is based mainly…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 E. Waagaard , R. Bruce , R. Alemany Fernandez , H. Bartosik , J. M. Jowett , N. Triantafyllou

On 23rd November 2009, during the early commissioning of the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), two counter-rotating proton bunches were circulated for the first time concurrently in the machine, at the LHC injection energy of 450 GeV per…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2017-10-02 ALICE Collaboration

The capabilities of the CMS experiment to study properties of hot and dense QCD-matter created in heavy ion collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider with the perturbative processes (so-called "hard probes") are presented. Detailed…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 I. P. Lokhtin

Starting in the summer of 2007, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will collide proton beams at center-of-mass energies of 14 TeV exceeding by a factor of ten what was previously achieved. It will be located in the 27km long underground…

Popular Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 Anna Lipniacka

LHCb is the heavy flavour precision experiment of the proton-proton Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It will search for new physics in CP violation and rare decays and is ready for the start-up of the LHC. An overview of its physics…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Pascal Perret

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is expected to provide proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 14 TeV, yielding millions of of top quark events. The top-physics potential of the two general purpose experiments, ATLAS and CMS,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-07-10 Jorgen D'hondt

The High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider is expected to deliver up to 3000 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at 14 TeV center-of-mass energy. We present prospects for selected heavy-ion, Standard Model and Higgs sector measurements…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2022-08-03 Conor Henderson

Light-ion collisions at the LHC bridge the gap between small proton-proton and large heavy-ion collision systems, providing a unique laboratory to study the onset of QCD collective phenomena. The first light-ion run at the LHC took place…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-05-11 Aleksas Mazeliauskas

During 2011 the LHCb experiment at CERN collected 1.0 fb-1 of sqrt{s} = 7 TeV pp collisions. Due to the large heavy quark production cross-sections, these data provide unprecedented samples of heavy flavoured hadrons. The first results from…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2015-03-20 LHCb collaboration , A. Bharucha , I. I. Bigi , C. Bobeth , M. Bobrowski , J. Brod , A. J. Buras , C. T. H. Davies , A. Datta , C. Delaunay , S. Descotes-Genon , J. Ellis , T. Feldmann , R. Fleischer , O. Gedalia , J. Girrbach , D. Guadagnoli , G. Hiller , Y. Hochberg , T. Hurth , G. Isidori , S. Jaeger , M. Jung , A. Kagan , J. F. Kamenik , A. Lenz , Z. Ligeti , D. London , F. Mahmoudi , J. Matias , S. Nandi , Y. Nir , P. Paradisi , G. Perez , A. A. Petrov , R. Rattazzi , S. R. Sharpe , L. Silvestrini , A. Soni , D. M. Straub , D. van Dyk , J. Virto , Y. -M. Wang , A. Weiler , J. Zupan. LHCb collaboration , : , R. Aaij , C. Abellan Beteta , A. Adametz , B. Adeva , M. Adinolfi , C. Adrover , A. Affolder , Z. Ajaltouni , J. Albrecht , F. Alessio , M. Alexander , S. Ali , G. Alkhazov , P. Alvarez Cartelle , A. A. Alves , S. Amato , Y. Amhis , L. Anderlini , J. Anderson , R. Andreassen , M. Anelli , R. B. Appleby , O. Aquines Gutierrez , F. Archilli , A. Artamonov , M. Artuso , E. Aslanides , G. Auriemma , S. Bachmann , J. J. Back , C. Baesso , W. Baldini , H. Band , R. J. Barlow , C. Barschel , S. Barsuk , W. Barter , A. Bates , Th. Bauer , A. Bay , J. Beddow , I. Bediaga , C. Beigbeder-Beau , S. Belogurov , K. Belous , I. Belyaev , E. Ben-Haim , M. Benayoun , G. Bencivenni , S. Benson , J. Benton , A. Berezhnoy , F. Bernard , R. Bernet , M. -O. Bettler , M. van Beuzekom , V. van Beveren , A. Bien , S. Bifani , T. Bird , A. Bizzeti , P. M. Bjørnstad , T. Blake , F. Blanc , C. Blanks , J. Blouw , S. Blusk , A. Bobrov , V. Bocci , B. Bochin , H. Boer Rookhuizen , G. Bogdanova , E. Bonaccorsi , A. Bondar , N. Bondar , W. Bonivento , S. Borghi , A. Borgia , T. J. V. Bowcock , E. Bowen , C. Bozzi , T. Brambach , J. van den Brand , L. Brarda , J. Bressieux , D. Brett , M. Britsch , T. Britton , N. H. Brook , H. Brown , A. Büchler-Germann , I. Burducea , A. Bursche , J. Buytaert , T. Cacérès , J. -P. Cachemiche , S. Cadeddu , O. Callot , M. Calvi , M. Calvo Gomez , A. Camboni , P. Campana , A. Carbone , G. Carboni , R. Cardinale , A. Cardini , H. Carranza-Mejia , L. Carson , K. Carvalho Akiba , A. Casajus Ramo , G. Casse , M. Cattaneo , Ch. Cauet , L. Ceelie , B. Chadaj , H. Chanal , M. Charles , D. Charlet , Ph. Charpentier , M. Chebbi , P. Chen , N. Chiapolini , M. Chrzaszcz , P. Ciambrone , K. Ciba , X. Cid Vidal , G. Ciezarek , P. E. L. Clarke , M. Clemencic , H. V. Cliff , J. Closier , C. Coca , V. Coco , J. Cogan , E. Cogneras , P. Collins , A. Comerma-Montells , A. Contu , A. Cook , M. Coombes , B. Corajod , G. Corti , B. Couturier , G. A. Cowan , D. Craik , S. Cunliffe , R. Currie , C. D'Ambrosio , I. D'Antone , P. David , P. N. Y. David , I. De Bonis , K. De Bruyn , S. De Capua , M. De Cian , P. De Groen , J. M. De Miranda , L. De Paula , P. De Simone , D. Decamp , M. Deckenhoff , G. Decreuse , H. Degaudenzi , L. Del Buono , C. Deplano , D. Derkach , O. Deschamps , F. Dettori , A. Di Canto , J. Dickens , H. Dijkstra , P. Diniz Batista , M. Dogaru , F. Domingo Bonal , M. Domke , S. Donleavy , F. Dordei , A. Dosil Suárez , D. Dossett , A. Dovbnya , C. Drancourt , O. Duarte , R. Dumps , F. Dupertuis , P. -Y. Duval , R. Dzhelyadin , A. Dziurda , A. Dzyuba , S. Easo , U. Egede , V. Egorychev , S. Eidelman , D. van Eijk , S. Eisenhardt , R. Ekelhof , L. Eklund , I. El Rifai , Ch. Elsasser , D. Elsby , F. Evangelisti , A. Falabella , C. Färber , G. Fardell , C. Farinelli , S. Farry , P. J. W. Faulkner , V. Fave , G. Felici , V. Fernandez Albor , F. Ferreira Rodrigues , M. Ferro-Luzzi , S. Filippov , C. Fitzpatrick , C. Föhr , M. Fontana , F. Fontanelli , R. Forty , C. Fournier , O. Francisco , M. Frank , C. Frei , R. Frei , M. Frosini , H. Fuchs , S. Furcas , A. Gallas Torreira , D. Galli , M. Gandelman , P. Gandini , Y. Gao , J. Garofoli , P. Garosi , J. Garra Tico , L. Garrido , D. Gascon , C. Gaspar , R. Gauld , E. Gersabeck , M. Gersabeck , T. Gershon , S. Gets , Ph. Ghez , A. Giachero , V. Gibson , V. V. Gligorov , C. Göbel , V. Golovtsov , D. Golubkov , A. Golutvin , A. Gomes , G. Gong , H. Gong , H. Gordon , C. Gotti , M. Grabalosa Gándara , R. Graciani Diaz , L. A. Granado Cardoso , E. Graugés , G. Graziani , A. Grecu , E. Greening , S. Gregson , V. Gromov , O. Grünberg , B. Gui , E. Gushchin , Yu. Guz , Z. Guzik , T. Gys , F. Hachon , C. Hadjivasiliou , G. Haefeli , C. Haen , S. C. Haines , S. Hall , T. Hampson , S. Hansmann-Menzemer , N. Harnew , S. T. Harnew , J. Harrison , P. F. Harrison , T. Hartmann , J. He , B. van der Heijden , V. Heijne , K. Hennessy , P. Henrard , J. A. Hernando Morata , E. van Herwijnen , E. Hicks , D. Hill , M. Hoballah , W. Hofmann , C. Hombach , P. Hopchev , W. Hulsbergen , P. Hunt , T. Huse , N. Hussain , D. Hutchcroft , D. Hynds , V. Iakovenko , P. Ilten , J. Imong , R. Jacobsson , A. Jaeger , O. Jamet , E. Jans , F. Jansen , L. Jansen , P. Jansweijer , P. Jaton , F. Jing , M. John , D. Johnson , C. R. Jones , B. Jost , M. Kaballo , S. Kandybei , M. Karacson , O. Karavichev , T. M. Karbach , A. Kashchuk , T. Kechadi , I. R. Kenyon , U. Kerzel , T. Ketel , A. Keune , B. Khanji , T. Kihm , R. Kluit , O. Kochebina , V. Komarov , R. F. Koopman , P. Koppenburg , M. Korolev , J. Kos , A. Kozlinskiy , L. Kravchuk , K. Kreplin , M. Kreps , R. Kristic , G. Krocker , P. Krokovny , F. Kruse , M. Kucharczyk , Y. Kudenko , V. Kudryavtsev , T. Kvaratskheliya , V. N. La Thi , D. Lacarrere , G. Lafferty , A. Lai , D. Lambert , R. W. Lambert , E. Lanciotti , L. Landi , G. Lanfranchi , C. Langenbruch , S. Laptev , T. Latham , I. Lax , C. Lazzeroni , R. Le Gac , J. van Leerdam , J. -P. Lees , R. Lefèvre , A. Leflat , J. Lefrançois , O. Leroy , T. Lesiak , Y. Li , L. Li Gioi , A. Likhoded , M. Liles , R. Lindner , C. Linn , B. Liu , G. Liu , J. von Loeben , J. H. Lopes , E. Lopez Asamar , N. Lopez-March , H. Lu , J. Luisier , H. Luo , A. Mac Raighne , F. Machefert , I. V. Machikhiliyan , F. Maciuc , O. Maev , M. Maino , S. Malde , G. Manca , G. Mancinelli , N. Mangiafave , U. Marconi , R. Märki , J. Marks , G. Martellotti , A. Martens , A. Martín Sánchez , M. Martinelli , D. Martinez Santos , D. Martins Tostes , A. Massafferri , R. Matev , Z. Mathe , C. Matteuzzi , M. Matveev , E. Maurice , J. Mauricio , A. Mazurov , J. McCarthy , R. McNulty , B. Meadows , M. Meissner , H. Mejia , V. Mendez-Munoz , M. Merk , D. A. Milanes , M. -N. Minard , J. Molina Rodriguez , S. Monteil , D. Moran , P. Morawski , R. Mountain , I. Mous , F. Muheim , F. Mul , K. Müller , B. Munneke , R. Muresan , B. Muryn , B. Muster , P. Naik , T. Nakada , R. Nandakumar , I. Nasteva , A. Nawrot , M. Needham , N. Neufeld , A. D. Nguyen , T. D. Nguyen , C. Nguyen-Mau , M. Nicol , V. Niess , N. Nikitin , T. Nikodem , Y. Nikolaiko , S. Nisar , A. Nomerotski , A. Novoselov , A. Oblakowska-Mucha , V. Obraztsov , S. Oggero , S. Ogilvy , O. Okhrimenko , R. Oldeman , M. Orlandea , A. Ostankov , J. M. Otalora Goicochea , M. van Overbeek , P. Owen , B. K. Pal , A. Palano , M. Palutan , J. Panman , A. Papanestis , M. Pappagallo , C. Parkes , C. J. Parkinson , G. Passaleva , G. D. Patel , M. Patel , G. N. Patrick , C. Patrignani , C. Pavel-Nicorescu , A. Pazos Alvarez , A. Pellegrino , G. Penso , M. Pepe Altarelli , S. Perazzini , D. L. Perego , E. Perez Trigo , A. Pérez-Calero Yzquierdo , P. Perret , M. Perrin-Terrin , G. Pessina , K. Petridis , A. Petrolini , O. van Petten , A. Phan , E. Picatoste Olloqui , D. Piedigrossi , B. Pietrzyk , T. Pilař , D. Pinci , S. Playfer , M. Plo Casasus , F. Polci , G. Polok , A. Poluektov , E. Polycarpo , D. Popov , B. Popovici , C. Potterat , A. Powell , J. Prisciandaro , M. Pugatch , V. Pugatch , A. Puig Navarro , W. Qian , J. H. Rademacker , B. Rakotomiaramanana , M. S. Rangel , I. Raniuk , N. Rauschmayr , G. Raven , S. Redford , M. M. Reid , A. C. dos Reis , F. Rethore , S. Ricciardi , A. Richards , K. Rinnert , V. Rives Molina , D. A. Roa Romero , P. Robbe , E. Rodrigues , P. Rodriguez Perez , E. Roeland , G. J. Rogers , S. Roiser , V. Romanovsky , A. Romero Vidal , K. de Roo , J. Rouvinet , L. Roy , K. Rudloff , T. Ruf , H. Ruiz , G. Sabatino , J. J. Saborido Silva , N. Sagidova , P. Sail , B. Saitta , C. Salzmann , B. Sanmartin Sedes , R. Santacesaria , C. Santamarina Rios , E. Santovetti , S. Saornil Gamarra , M. Sapunov , A. Saputi , A. Sarti , C. Satriano , A. Satta , T. Savidge , M. Savrie , P. Schaack , M. Schiller , A. Schimmel , H. Schindler , S. Schleich , M. Schlupp , M. Schmelling , B. Schmidt , O. Schneider , T. Schneider , A. Schopper , H. Schuijlenburg , M. -H. Schune , R. Schwemmer , B. Sciascia , A. Sciubba , M. Seco , A. Semennikov , K. Senderowska , I. Sepp , N. Serra , J. Serrano , P. Seyfert , B. Shao , M. Shapkin , I. Shapoval , P. Shatalov , Y. Shcheglov , T. Shears , L. Shekhtman , O. Shevchenko , V. Shevchenko , A. Shires , S. Sigurdsson , R. Silva Coutinho , T. Skwarnicki , M. W. Slater , T. Sluijk , N. A. Smith , E. Smith , M. Smith , K. Sobczak , M. D. Sokoloff , F. J. P. Soler , F. Soomro , D. Souza , B. Souza De Paula , B. Spaan , A. Sparkes , P. Spradlin , S. Squerzanti , F. Stagni , S. Stahl , O. Steinkamp , O. Stenyakin , S. Stoica , S. Stone , B. Storaci , M. Straticiuc , U. Straumann , V. K. Subbiah , S. Swientek , M. Szczekowski , P. Szczypka , T. Szumlak , S. T'Jampens , M. Teklishyn , E. Teodorescu , F. Teubert , C. Thomas , E. Thomas , A. Tikhonov , J. van Tilburg , V. Tisserand , M. Tobin , V. Tocut , S. Tolk , D. Tonelli , S. Topp-Joergensen , N. Torr , E. Tournefier , S. Tourneur , M. T. Tran , M. Tresch , A. Tsaregorodtsev , P. Tsopelas , N. Tuning , M. Ubeda Garcia , A. Ukleja , O. Ullaland , D. Urner , U. Uwer , V. Vagnoni , G. Valenti , R. Vazquez Gomez , P. Vazquez Regueiro , S. Vecchi , J. J. Velthuis , M. Veltri , G. Veneziano , M. Vesterinen , B. Viaud , D. Vieira , X. Vilasis-Cardona , W. Vink , S. Volkov , V. Volkov , A. Vollhardt , D. Volyanskyy , D. Voong , A. Vorobyev , V. Vorobyev , C. Voß , H. Voss , G. Vouters , R. Waldi , R. Wallace , S. Wandernoth , J. Wang , D. R. Ward , K. Warda , N. K. Watson , A. D. Webber , D. Websdale , P. Wenerke , M. Whitehead , J. Wicht , D. Wiedner , L. Wiggers , G. Wilkinson , M. P. Williams , M. Williams , F. F. Wilson , J. Wishahi , M. Witek , W. Witzeling , S. A. Wotton , S. Wright , S. Wu , K. Wyllie , Y. Xie , Z. Xing , T. Xue , Z. Yang , R. Young , X. Yuan , O. Yushchenko , M. Zangoli , F. Zappon , M. Zavertyaev , M. Zeng , F. Zhang , L. Zhang , W. C. Zhang , Y. Zhang , A. Zhelezov , L. Zhong , E. Zverev , A. Zvyagin , A. Zwart

The unique physics opportunities accessible with nuclear collisions at the CERN Future Circular Collider (FCC) are summarized. Lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-lead (pPb) collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 39 and 63 TeV respectively with…

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN in Switzerland became operational in 2009 and has since then produced a plethora of results for proton-proton (pp) collisions. This short review covers results that relates to soft QCD focusing on…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2024-12-04 Peter Christiansen , Pierre Van Mechelen

In 2016, the Large Hadron Collider provided proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV center-of-mass energy and achieved very high luminosity and reliability. The performance of the CMS Experiment in this running period and a selection of recent…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2017-09-12 Joel Nathan Butler

First searches for new physics phenomena using the LHC 7 TeV proton-proton collision data collected by the CMS detector in 2010 are reviewed. Results are presented of searches for new physics in events with hadronic jet pairs, and for heavy…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2015-05-27 Paolo Azzurri

At the end of 2008, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will come into operation and the two experiments ATLAS and CMS will start taking data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of \sqrt{s}=14 TeV. In preparation for the…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2008-09-25 Wolfgang F. Mader

A second major LHCb detector upgrade will be installed during long shutdown 4 (LS4) of the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The new detector will provide excellent performance for studies of Quantum Chromodynamics at high temperature and…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-04-01 LHCb collaboration

Thanks to its multi-TeV LHC proton and lead beams, the LHC complex allows one to perform the most energetic fixed-target experiments ever and to study with high precision pp, pd and pA collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 115 GeV and Pbp and PbA…

We review a subset of experimental results from the heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) facility at CERN. Excellent consistency is observed across all the experiments at the LHC (at center of mass energy of 2.76 TeV) for…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2013-12-25 Ranbir Singh , Lokesh Kumar , Pawan Kumar Netrakanti , Bedangadas Mohanty

We present the capabilities of the CMS experiment to explore the heavy-ion physics program offered by the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The prime goal of this research is to test the fundamental theory of the strong interaction (QCD) in…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 Olga Kodolova , Michael Murray