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One of the most significant vulnerabilities in the source unit of quantum key distribution (QKD) is the correlation between quantum states after modulation, which shall be characterized and evaluated for its practical security performance.…

We present a countermeasure against the detector blinding attack (DBA) utilizing statistical analysis of error and double-click events accumulated during a quantum key distribution session under randomized modulation of single-photon…

Coherent-one-way quantum key distribution (COW-QKD), which requires a simple experimental setup and has the ability to withstand photon-number-splitting attacks, has been not only experimentally implemented but also commercially applied.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-05 Rui-Qi Gao , Yuan-Mei Xie , Jie Gu , Wen-Bo Liu , Chen-Xun Weng , Bing-Hong Li , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

Many quantum key distribution (QKD) implementations using a free space transmission path are restricted to operation at night time in order to distinguish the signal photons used for a secure key establishment from background light. Here,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-05-17 Matthew P. Peloso , Ilja Gerhardt , Caleb Ho , Antia Lamas-Linares , Christian Kurtsiefer

We report an automated characterization of a single-photon detector based on commercial silicon avalanche photodiode (PerkinElmer C30902SH). The photodiode is characterized by I-V curves at different illumination levels (darkness, 10 pW and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2012-02-09 Aina M. M. Ghazali , Audun N. Bugge , Sebastien Sauge , Vadim Makarov

A Pixelized Photon Detector (PPD) is a generic name for the semiconductor devices operated in the Geiger-mode, such as Silicon PhotoMultiplier and Multi-Pixel Photon Counter, which has high photon counting capability. While the internal…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2009-11-13 H. Otono , H. Oide , S. Yamashita , T. Yoshioka

Quantum key distribution (QKD) gaurantees unconditional communication security based on the laws of quantum physics. However, practical QKD suffers from a number of quantum hackings due to the device imperfections. From the security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-03-18 Yong-Su Kim , Yujun Choi , Osung Kwon , Sang-Wook Han , Sung Moon

Photon number resolving monitoring is a practical light source monitoring scheme in QKD systems, which reduces the impacts from untrusted sources effectively. This scheme requires a single photon detector, normally working at low…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-23 Gan Wang , Zhengyu Li , Yucheng Qiao , Ziyang Chen , Xiang Peng , Hong Guo

Avalanche photodiodes (APDs) are the semiconducting analogue of photomultiplier tubes offering very high internal current gain and fast response. APDs are interesting for a wide range of applications in communications1, laser ranging2,…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-11-13 Oriol Lopez-Sanchez , Dumitru Dumcenco , Edoardo Charbon , Andras Kis

Single-photon sources are essential for quantum networks, enabling applications ranging from quantum key distribution (QKD) to the burgeoning quantum internet. Despite the remarkable advancements, the current reliance of QKD on attenuated…

Nowadays Quantum Key Distribution represents the most mature quantum technology, and multiple countries as well as private institutions are building their quantum network. However, QKD devices are still far from representing a product…

Implementations of quantum key distribution (QKD) need vulnerability assessment against loopholes in their optical scheme. Most of the optical attacks involve injecting or receiving extraneous light via the communication channel. An…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Hao Tan , Mikhail Petrov , Weiyang Zhang , Liying Han , Sheng-Kai Liao , Vadim Makarov , Feihu Xu , Jian-Wei Pan

For the SPECTRAP experiment at GSI, Germany, detectors with Single-Photon counting capability in the visible and near-infrared regime are required. For the wavelength region up to 1100 nm we investigate the performance of 2x2 mm^2 avalanche…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2012-03-06 R. Jöhren , R. Berendes , W. Buglak , D. Hampf , V. Hannen , J. Mader , W. Nörtershäuser , R. Sánchez , C. Weinheimer

Here, we investigate the security of the practical one-way CVQKD and CV-MDI-QKD systems under laser seeding attack. In particular, Eve can inject a suitable light into the laser diodes of the light source modules in the two kinds of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-17 Yi Zheng , Peng Huang , Anqi Huang , Jinye Peng , Guihua Zeng

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) protocol was proposed to remove all the detector side channel attacks, while its security relies on the trusted encoding systems. Here we propose a one-sided MDI-QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-18 Wen-Fei Cao , Yi-Zheng Zhen , Yu-Lin Zheng , Li Li , Zeng-Bing Chen , Nai-Le Liu , Kai Chen

Single-photon detectors are an essential part of the toolbox of modern quantum optics for implementing quantum technologies and enabling tests of fundamental physics. The low energy of microwave photons, the natural signal path for…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Lukas Danner , Max Hofheinz , Nicolas Bourlet , Ciprian Padurariu , Joachim Ankerhold , Björn Kubala

In this paper, a continuous variable B92 quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol is proposed using single photon added and subtracted coherent states, which are prepared by adding and subsequently subtracting a single photon on a coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-07 Srikara S , Kishore Thapliyal , Anirban Pathak

The security proof of continuous variable quantum key distribution(CV QKD) based on two assumptions that the eavesdropper can neither act on the local oscillator nor control Bob's beam splitter. These assumptions maybe invalid in practice…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-14 Jing-Zheng Huang , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Shuang Wang , Hong-Wei Li , Wei Chen , Guan-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

Security in quantum cryptography is continuously challenged by inventive attacks targeting the real components of a cryptographic setup, and duly restored by new counter-measures to foil them. Due to their high sensitivity and complex…

Quantum coherent control of slow light for all-optical switching is investigated in a multi-level system of solids for an understanding of self-induced ultraslow light. In an optical population shelving system of a rare-earth doped solid,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-30 B. S. Ham , J. S. Han