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A newfound security breach in the physical nature of single photon detectors that are generally used in quantum key distribution is explained, we found that the bit contents of a quantum key transmission system can be intercepted from far…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-12 Kadir Durak , Naser Jam

In this article, we experimentally demonstrate an eavesdropper's (Eve's) information gain by exploiting the breakdown flash generated by the single photon avalanche detector (SPAD) used in coherent one-way quantum key distribution (COW-QKD)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Ashutosh Kumar Singh , Nilesh Sharma , Vaibhav Pratap Singh , Anil Prabhakar

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution provides a theoretical unconditionally secure solution to distribute symmetric keys among users in a communication network. However, the practical devices used to implement these systems are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Daniel Pereira , Vana Pezelj , Florian Prawits , Hannes Hübbel

The fabrication of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems typically involves several parties, thus providing Eve with multiple opportunities to meddle with the devices. As a consequence, conventional hardware and/or software hacking attacks…

We investigate the feasibility and performance of photon-number-resolved photodetection employing single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) with low dark counts. While the main idea, to split $n$ photons into $m$ detection modes with no…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-05-28 Rajveer Nehra , Chun-Hung Chang , Qianhuan Yu , Andreas Beling , Olivier Pfister

Current implementations of quantum key distribution (QKD) typically rely on prepare-and-measure (P&M) schemes. Unfortunately, these implementations are not completely secure, unless security proofs fully incorporate all imperfections of…

A highly attenuated laser pulse which gives a weak coherent state is widely used in quantum key distribution (QKD) experiments. A weak coherent state has multi-photon components, which opens up a security loophole to the sophisticated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-08-12 Xiongfeng Ma

Temporal photon correlation measurement, instrumental to probing the quantum properties of light, typically requires multiple single photon detectors. Progress in single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) array technology highlights their…

We present and analyze a gated single photon avalanche detector using a sine gating scheme with a simple but effective low-pass filtering technique for fast low-noise single photon detection at telecom wavelength. The detector is…

Traditional countermeasures against attacks targeting the receiver in quantum key distribution (QKD) systems often suffer from poor compatibility with deployed infrastructure, the risk of introducing new vulnerabilities, and limited…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-17 Junxuan Liu , Bingcheng Huang , Jialei Su , Qingquan Peng , Anqi Huang

The security of quantum key distribution (QKD) can easily be obscured if the eavesdropper can utilize technical imperfections of the actual implementation. Here we describe and experimentally demonstrate a very simple but highly effective…

By employing real-time monitoring of single-photon avalanche photodiodes we demonstrate how two types of practical eavesdropping strategies, the after-gate and time-shift attacks, may be detected. Both attacks are identified with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-08-03 T. Ferreira da Silva , G. B. Xavier , G. P. Temporão , J. P. von der Weid

We consider the security of a system of quantum key distribution (QKD) using only practical devices. Currently, attenuated laser pulses are widely used and considered to be the most practical light source. For the receiver of photons,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Masato Koashi

We report room temperature operation of telecom wavelength single-photon detectors for high bit rate quantum key distribution (QKD). Room temperature operation is achieved using InGaAs avalanche photodiodes integrated with electronics based…

A highly sensitive photodetection system with a detection limit of 1 photon/s was developed. This system uses a commercially available 200-mm-diameter silicon avalanche photodiode (APD) and an in-house-developed ultralow-noise readout…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Makoto Akiba , Mikio Fujiwara , Masahide Sasaki

Single-photon detectors have achieved impressive performance, and have led to a number of new scientific discoveries and technological applications. Existing models of photodetectors are semiclassical in that the field-matter interaction is…

Optics · Physics 2018-03-28 Steve M. Young , Mohan Sarovar , François Léonard

Photonic quantum technologies promise a revolution of the world of information processing, from simulation and computing to communication and sensing, thanks to the many advantages of exploiting single photons as quantum information…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-10-11 Francesco Ceccarelli , Giulia Acconcia , Angelo Gulinatti , Massimo Ghioni , Ivan Rech , Roberto Osellame

We demonstrate an integral gated mode single photon detector at telecom wavelengths. The charge number of an avalanche pulse rather than the peak current is monitored for single-photon detection. The transient spikes in conventional gated…

Optical homodyne detection has been widely used in continuous-variable (CV) quantum information processing for measuring field quadrature values. In this paper we explore the possibility of operating a conjugate homodyne detection system in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-22 Bing Qi

Single photonic applications - such as quantum key distribution - rely on the transmission of single photons, and require the ultimate sensitivity that an optical detector can achieve. Single-photon detectors must convert the energy of an…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2009-11-13 C. Zinoni , B. Alloing , L. H. Li , F. Marsili , L. Lunghi , A. Gerardino , Yu. B. Vakhtomin , K. V. Smirnov , G. N. Gol'tsman , A. Fiore
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