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The notes which play the most important and second most important roles in expressing a raga are called Vadi and Samvadi swars respectively in (North) Indian Classical music. Like Bageshree, Bhairavi, Shankara, Hamir and Kalingra, Rageshree…

Carnatic music, a form of Indian Art Music, has relied on an oral tradition for transferring knowledge across several generations. Over the last two hundred years, the use of prescriptive notations has been adopted for learning,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2017-12-01 Ranjani H. G. , T. V. Sreenivas

Raga is a fundamental melodic concept in Indian Art Music (IAM). It is characterized by complex patterns. All performances and compositions are based on the raga framework. Raga and tonic detection have been a long-standing research problem…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Vishwaas Narasinh , Senthil Raja G

Raga is the central melodic concept in Hindustani Classical Music. It has a complex structure, often characterized by pathos. In this paper, we describe a technique for Automatic Raga Recognition, based on pitch distributions. We are able…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-08-09 Sanchit Alekh

The impact of Music on the mood or emotion of the listener is a well-researched area in human psychology and behavioral science. In Indian classical music, ragas are the melodic structure that defines the various styles and forms of the…

In North Indian Classical Music, raga forms the basic structure over which individual improvisations is performed by an artist based on his/her creativity. The Alap is the opening section of a typical Hindustani Music (HM) performance,…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-12-02 Shankha Sanyal , Archi Banerjee , Tarit Guhathakurata , Ranjan Sengupta , Dipak Ghosh

A vital aspect of Indian Classical Music (ICM) is Raga, which serves as a melodic framework for compositions and improvisations alike. Raga Recognition is an important music information retrieval task in ICM as it can aid numerous…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-02-16 Sathwik Tejaswi Madhusudhan , Girish Chowdhary

Raga identification is an important problem within the domain of Indian Art music, as Ragas are fundamental to its composition and performance, playing a crucial role in music retrieval, preservation, and education. Few studies that have…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Parampreet Singh , Vipul Arora

Since the start of Indian cinema, a number of films have been made where a particular song is based on a certain raga. These songs have been taking a major role in spreading the essence of classical music to the common people, who have no…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Shankha Sanyal , Archi Banerjee , Souparno Roy , Sayan Nag , Ranjan Sengupta , Dipak Ghosh

In North Indian Classical music, each raga has been traditionally associated with a performance time, which supposedly maximizes its aesthetic and emotional effects on the listener. The objective of this work was to investigate the…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Ananya Giri

Temporal dynamics are among the cues to expres siveness in music performance in different cultures. In the case of Hindustani music, it is well known that expert vocalists often take liberties with the beat, intentionally not aligning their…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-28 Yash Bhake , Preeti Rao

Music is a string of some of the notes out of 12 notes (Sa, Komal_re, Re, Komal_ga, Ga, Ma, Kari_ma, Pa, Komal_dha, Dha, Komal_ni, Ni) and their harmonics. Each note corresponds to a particular frequency. When such strings are encoded to…

Sound · Computer Science 2011-09-29 Avishek Ghosh , Joydeep Banerjee , Sk. S. Hassan , P. Pal Choudhury

Tabla, a percussion instrument, mainly used to accompany vocalists, instrumentalists and dancers in every style of music from classical to light in India, mainly used for keeping rhythm. This percussion instrument consists of two drums…

This paper presents an attempt to study the aesthetics of North Indian Khayal music with reference to the flexibility exercised by artists in performing popular compositions. We study expressive timing and pitch variations of the given…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-07 Yash Bhake , Ankit Anand , Preeti Rao

Ornamentations, embellishments, or microtonal inflections are essential to melodic expression across many musical traditions, adding depth, nuance, and emotional impact to performances. Recognizing ornamentations in singing voices is key to…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-09 Sumit Kumar , Parampreet Singh , Vipul Arora

Gamakas are an integral aspect of Carnatic Music, a form of classical music prevalent in South India. They are used in ragas, which may be seen as melodic scales and/or a set of characteristic melodic phrases. Gamakas exhibit continuous…

Sound · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Venkata Subramanian Viraraghavan , Arpan Pal , R Aravind , Hema Murthy

Ragas form the foundation for Indian Classical Music. The task of Raga Recognition has gained traction in the Music Information Retrieval community in the recent past, which can be attributed to the nuances of Indian Classical Music that…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Devayani Hebbar , Vandana Jagtap

Large scale machine learning-based Raga identification continues to be a nontrivial issue in the computational aspects behind Carnatic music. Each raga consists of many unique and intrinsic melodic patterns that can be used to easily…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Sanjay Natesan , Homayoon Beigi

The tabla is a unique percussion instrument due to the combined harmonic and percussive nature of its timbre, and the contrasting harmonic frequency ranges of its two drums. This allows a tabla player to uniquely emphasize parts of the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-20 Rohit M. A. , Preeti Rao

Tabla is a North Indian percussion instrument used as an accompaniment and an exclusive instrument for solo performances. Tabla solo is intricate and elaborate, exhibiting rhythmic evolution through a sequence of homogeneous sections marked…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-17 Gowriprasad R , R Aravind , Hema A Murthy
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