Related papers: Collective phenomena in non-central nuclear collis…
We present a historical review of the physics observables developed for relativistic nuclear collisions, that describe collective hydrodynamic flow of hadronic or partonic matter, and of the corresponding experimental progress. We begin…
In nuclear collisions at highest accessible LHC energies, often more than one dijet pairs deposit momentum into the deconfined expanding medium. With the help of 3+1 dimensional relativistic hydrodynamic simulation we show that this leads…
Anisotropic transverse flow is studied in Pb+Pb and Au+Au collisions at SPS and RHIC energies. The centrality and transverse momentum dependence at midrapidity of the elliptic flow coefficient v_2 is calculated in the hydrodynamic and low…
Certain analysis methods have emerged recently that claim to reveal "higher harmonic flows" in more-central \aa collisions at the RHIC and LHC. But pQCD calculations describe the same structures quantitatively.
Features of collectivity observed in high energy A+A collision systems at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) imply a strongly coupled quark gluon plasma (QGP) that flows. One defining feature of…
We present the first measurement of directed flow ($v_1$) at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). $v_1$ is found to be consistent with zero at pseudorapidities $\eta$ from -1.2 to 1.2, then rises to the level of a couple of percent…
A study of elliptical flow is presented with respect to the asymmetry of colliding nuclei using the reactions of 24Cr50 +44 Ru102, 16S32 +50 Sn120 and 8O16 +54 Xe136 at incident energies between 50 and 250 MeV/nucleon within the framework…
We investigate elliptic flow in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies. In doing this, we implement and use a lattice-Hamiltonian model of the nuclear interaction and we also study the effect of in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross…
We report on the measurement of various flow harmonics, $v_n$, with multi-particle cumulants, and present the results from a study of the inter-correlation among different order symmetry planes $\Psi_n$ via multi-particle mixed harmonic…
The presence of correlations between particles significantly separated in pseudorapidity in proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions has raised questions about whether collective effects are observed in small collision systems as well as…
We present the first measurement of directed flow ($v_1$) at RHIC. $v_1$ is found to be consistent with zero at pseudorapidities $\eta$ from -1.2 to 1.2, then rises to the level of a couple of percent over the range $2.4 < |\eta| < 4$. The…
We analyze the proton-lead collisions at the LHC energy of 5.02TeV in the three-stage approach, previously used to successfully describe the relativistic A-A collisions. The approach consists of the early phase, modeled with the Glauber…
Since their discovery, fluctuations in the initial state of heavy-ion collisions have been understood as originating mostly from the random positions of nucleons within the colliding nuclei. We consider an alternative approach where all the…
We report the measurement of anisotropic flow at RHIC - PHENIX experiment. We present the v_4 results at sqrt(s_NN) = 200 GeV in Au+Au collision. The scaling ratio of v_4/(v_2)^2 is about 1.5 and it is found to be smaller than the…
Recent highlights from Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are reviewed and discussed. Topics include: Discovery of the strongly interacting Quark Gluon Plasma (sQGP) in 2005; RHIC machine operation…
Directed and elliptic event anisotropy parameters measured in the experiments at relativistic heavy-ion collider are presented. The possible origin of the measured elliptic anisotropy parameter $v_2$ and its sensitivity to the early phase…
Recent experimental results on directed and elliptic flow, theoretical developments, and new techniques for anisotropic flow analysis are reviewed.
The event-by-event analysis of high energy nuclear collisions aims at revealing the richness of the underlying event structures and provide unique measures of dynamical fluctuations associated with QGP phase transition. The major challenge…
Collective flow observables are known to be a sensitive tool to gain insights on the equation of state of nuclear matter from heavy-ion collision observations. Towards more quantitative constraints one has to carefully assess other…
Highlights of the results from ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at CERN-SPS are reviewed. In particular, I discuss how the experimental results indicate that a collective strongly interacting system has been produced, and what are the…