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The share of the world population living in cities with more than one million people rose from 11% in 1975 to 24% in 2025 (our estimates). Will this trend towards greater concentration in large cities continue or level off? We introduce two…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-03-31 Andrea Musso , Diego Rybski , Dirk Helbing , Frank Neffke

Not long ago primary census data became available to publicity. It opened qualitatively new perspectives not only for researchers in demography and sociology, but also for those people, who somehow face processes occurring in society. In…

Databases · Computer Science 2011-06-28 Oleg Chertov , Marharyta Aleksandrova

While there has been much interest in adapting conventional clustering procedures---and in higher dimensions, persistent homology methods---to directed networks, little is known about the convergence of such methods. In order to even…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Samir Chowdhury , Facundo Mémoli

We consider a system of interacting Moran models with seed-banks. Individuals live in colonies and are subject to resampling and migration as long as they are $active$. Each colony has a seed-bank into which individuals can retreat to…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-29 Frank den Hollander , Shubhamoy Nandan

Social and biological contagions are influenced by the spatial embeddedness of networks. Historically, many epidemics spread as a wave across part of the Earth's surface; however, in modern contagions long-range edges -- for example, due to…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2015-07-31 Dane Taylor , Florian Klimm , Heather A. Harrington , Miroslav Kramar , Konstantin Mischaikow , Mason A. Porter , Peter J. Mucha

Over the past decade, Internet centralization and its implications for both people and the resilience of the Internet has become a topic of active debate. While the networking community informally agrees on the definition of centralization,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Gautam Akiwate , Kimberly Ruth , Rumaisa Habib , Zakir Durumeric

Human mobility is known to be distributed across several orders of magnitude of physical distances , which makes it generally difficult to endogenously find or define typical and meaningful scales. Relevant analyses, from movements to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-04-05 Telmo Menezes , Camille Roth

We present a new algorithm for clustering longitudinal data. Data of this type can be conceptualized as consisting of individuals and, for each such individual, observations of a time-dependent variable made at various times. Generically,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Marie-Pierre Sylvestre , Laurence Boulanger

Modelling migration is complicated, as people move for many reasons. Some leave their country for the first time, others return to places they once called home, or move on to new destinations. However, most models focus only on who arrives,…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-11-25 Carsten Källner , Ola Ali , Andrea Vismara , Guillermo Prieto-Viertel , Rafael Prieto-Curiel

The widespread use of GPS-enabled devices generates voluminous and continuous amounts of traffic data but analyzing such data for interpretable and actionable insights poses challenges. A hierarchical clustering of the trips has many uses…

Databases · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Chia-Tung Kuo , Ian Davidson

Population migration is valuable information which leads to proper decision in urban-planning strategy, massive investment, and many other fields. For instance, inter-city migration is a posterior evidence to see if the government's…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-04-08 Renyu Zhao

Since the beginning of the new millennium, stock markets went through every state from long-time troughs, trade suspensions to all-time highs. The literature on asset pricing hence assumes random processes to be underlying the movement of…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2019-06-26 Tanya Araújo , Maximilian Göbel

The evolution of many stochastic systems is accurately described by random walks on graphs. We here explore the close connection between local steady-state fluctuations of random walks and the global structure of the underlying graph.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-10-25 M. Bruderer

Human mobility research concerns spatiotemporal individual and population movement. Accurate modeling and prediction of human mobility can provide opportunities to monitor, manage and optimize human movement for improved social-economic…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Liantao Li , Yang Yang

Population decline is projected to become widespread in Europe, with the continental population set to reverse its longstanding trajectory of growth within the next five years. This represents unfamiliar demographic territory. Despite this,…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-05-11 Niall Newsham , Francisco Rowe

Urban development is shaped by historical, geographical, and economic factors, presenting challenges for planners in understanding urban form. This study models commute flows across multiple U.S. cities, uncovering consistent patterns in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-11-11 Margarita Mishina , Mingyi He , Venu Garikapati , Stanislav Sobolevsky

The digital age allows data collection to be done on a large scale and at low cost. This is the case of genealogy trees, which flourish on numerous digital platforms thanks to the collaboration of a mass of individuals wishing to trace…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-07-25 Arthur Charpentier , Ewen Gallic

This paper studies countable systems of linearly and hierarchically interacting diffusions taking values in the positive quadrant. These systems arise in population dynamics for two types of individuals migrating between and interacting…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-09-09 Don A. Dawson , Andreas Greven , Frank den Hollander , Rongfeng Sun , Jan M. Swart

Apart from the role the clustering coefficient plays in the definition of the small-world phenomena, it also has great relevance for practical problems involving networked dynamical systems. To study the impact of the clustering coefficient…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-07-19 Robert E. Kooij , Nikolaj Horsevad Sørensen , Roland Bouffanais

We propose methods for the analysis of hierarchical clustering that fully use the multi-resolution structure provided by a dendrogram. Specifically, we propose a loss for choosing between clustering methods, a feature importance score and a…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-31 Luben M. C. Cabezas , Rafael Izbicki , Rafael B. Stern