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The K-Means clustering using LLoyd's algorithm is an iterative approach to partition the given dataset into K different clusters. The algorithm assigns each point to the cluster based on the following objective function \[\ \min…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Ashish Srivastava , Mohammed Nawfal

We generalise the results of Bhattacharya et al. (Journal of Computing Systems, 62(1):93-115, 2018) for the list-$k$-means problem defined as -- for a (unknown) partition $X_1, ..., X_k$ of the dataset $X \subseteq \mathbb{R}^d$, find a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Dishant Goyal , Ragesh Jaiswal , Amit Kumar

The k-means clustering algorithm is a popular algorithm that partitions data into k clusters. There are many improvements to accelerate the standard algorithm. Most current research employs upper and lower bounds on point-to-cluster…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Andreas Lang , Erich Schubert

Schoening presents a simple randomized algorithm for (d,k)-CSP problems with running time (d(k-1)/k)^n poly(n). Here, d is the number of colors, k is the size of the constraints, and n is the number of variables. A derandomized version of…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-05-27 Dominik Scheder

The $k$-means is one of the most important unsupervised learning techniques in statistics and computer science. The goal is to partition a data set into many clusters, such that observations within clusters are the most homogeneous and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-21 Tonglin Zhang

In this paper, we give a conditional lower bound of $n^{\Omega(k)}$ on running time for the classic k-median and k-means clustering objectives (where n is the size of the input), even in low-dimensional Euclidean space of dimension four,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-11-06 Vincent Cohen-Addad , Arnaud de Mesmay , Eva Rotenberg , Alan Roytman

In this paper, the decades-old clustering method k-means is revisited. The original distortion minimization model of k-means is addressed by a pure stochastic minimization procedure. In each step of the iteration, one sample is tentatively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Wan-Lei Zhao , Run-Qing Chen , Hui Ye , Chong-Wah Ngo

The $k$-means problem is a classic objective for modeling clustering in a metric space. Given a set of points in a metric space, the goal is to find $k$ representative points so as to minimize the sum of the squared distances from each…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Vincent Cohen-Addad , Karthik C. S. , David Saulpic , Chris Schwiegelshohn

We propose a new algorithm for k-means clustering in a distributed setting, where the data is distributed across many machines, and a coordinator communicates with these machines to calculate the output clustering. Our algorithm guarantees…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Tom Hess , Ron Visbord , Sivan Sabato

Clustering is a fundamental problem in unsupervised machine learning with many applications in data analysis. Popular clustering algorithms such as Lloyd's algorithm and $k$-means++ can take $\Omega(ndk)$ time when clustering $n$ points in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Moses Charikar , Monika Henzinger , Lunjia Hu , Maxmilian Vötsch , Erik Waingarten

Clustering algorithms have long been the topic of research, representing the more popular side of unsupervised learning. Since clustering analysis is one of the best ways to find some clarity and structure within raw data, this paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Naitik Gada

The learning of mixture models can be viewed as a clustering problem. Indeed, given data samples independently generated from a mixture of distributions, we often would like to find the {\it correct target clustering} of the samples…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-26 Zhaoqiang Liu , Vincent Y. F. Tan

The 2-opt heuristic is a very simple local search heuristic for the traveling salesperson problem. In practice it usually converges quickly to solutions within a few percentages of optimality. In contrast to this, its running-time is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Marvin Künnemann , Bodo Manthey , Rianne Veenstra

Centroid based clustering methods such as k-means, k-medoids and k-centers are heavily applied as a go-to tool in exploratory data analysis. In many cases, those methods are used to obtain representative centroids of the data manifold for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Ahmed Imtiaz Humayun , Randall Balestriero , Anastasios Kyrillidis , Richard Baraniuk

K-Means clustering algorithm is one of the most commonly used clustering algorithms because of its simplicity and efficiency. K-Means clustering algorithm based on Euclidean distance only pays attention to the linear distance between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-13 Yiqun Zhang , Houbiao Li

Given a set of $n$ points in $d$ dimensions, the Euclidean $k$-means problem (resp. the Euclidean $k$-median problem) consists of finding $k$ centers such that the sum of squared distances (resp. sum of distances) from every point to its…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-11-17 Vincent Cohen-Addad , Kasper Green Larsen , David Saulpic , Chris Schwiegelshohn , Omar Ali Sheikh-Omar

The K-means algorithm is one of the most widely studied clustering algorithms in machine learning. While extensive research has focused on its ability to achieve a globally optimal solution, there still lacks a rigorous analysis of its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Mingyi Li , Michael R. Metel , Akiko Takeda

$k$-center is one of the most popular clustering models. While it admits a simple 2-approximation in polynomial time in general metrics, the Euclidean version is NP-hard to approximate within a factor of 1.93, even in the plane, if one…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Sayan Bandyapadhyay , Zachary Friggstad , Ramin Mousavi

We study beyond worst case analysis for the $k$-means problem where the goal is to model typical instances of $k$-means arising in practice. Existing theoretical approaches provide guarantees under certain assumptions on the optimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Poojan Shah , Shashwat Agrawal , Ragesh Jaiswal

Many clustering algorithms are guided by certain cost functions such as the widely-used $k$-means cost. These algorithms divide data points into clusters with often complicated boundaries, creating difficulties in explaining the clustering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Moses Charikar , Lunjia Hu