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Steganography embeds secret messages in seemingly innocuous carriers for covert communication under surveillance. Current Provably Secure Steganography (PSS) schemes based on language models can guarantee computational indistinguishability…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Kaiyi Pang , Minhao Bai

Linguistic steganography enables covert communication through embedding secret messages into innocuous texts; however, current methods face critical limitations in payload capacity and security. Traditional modification-based methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Jun Jiang , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu , Kejiang Chen

We consider coverless steganography where a Large Language Model (LLM) is used to generate stego-texts in combination with arithmetic coding. An efficient method should embed secret bits in as few language tokens as possible while keeping…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yu-Shin Huang , Peter Just , Hanyun Yin , Krishna Narayanan , Ruihong Huang , Chao Tian

Large language models can rewrite text to embed hidden payloads while preserving surface-level meaning, a capability that opens covert channels between cooperating AI systems and poses challenges for alignment monitoring. We study the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Andrii Shportko

The growing potential of modern communications needs the use of secure means to protect information from unauthorized access and use during transmission. In general, encryption a message using cryptography techniques and then hidden a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Sana Haimour , Mohammad Rasmi AL-Mousa , Rashiq R. Marie

Linguistic steganography involves embedding secret messages within seemingly innocuous texts to enable covert communication. Provable security, which is a long-standing goal and key motivation, has been extended to language-model-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ruiyi Yan , Yugo Murawaki

This paper presents a survey of text steganography methods used for hid- ing secret information inside some covertext. Widely known hiding techniques (such as translation based steganography, text generating and syntactic embed- ding) and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2011-10-13 Ivan Nechta , Andrei Fionov

Steganography is the art of hiding the fact that communication is taking place, by hiding information in other information. Many different carrier file formats can be used, but digital images are the most popular because of their frequency…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2008-08-12 H. B. Bahar , Ali Aboutalebi

This work investigates a central problem in steganography, that is: How much data can safely be hidden without being detected? To answer this question, a formal definition of steganographic capacity is presented. Once this has been defined,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2008-10-24 Jeremiah J. Harmsen , William A. Pearlman

Steganography in multimedia aims to embed secret data into an innocent looking multimedia cover object. This embedding introduces some distortion to the cover object and produces a corresponding stego object. The embedding distortion is…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Hassan Y. El Arsh , Amr Abdelaziz , Ahmed Elliethy , Hussein A. Aly , T. Aaron Gulliver

Steganography is the task of concealing a message within a medium such that the presence of the hidden message cannot be detected. Beyond the standard scope of private-key steganography, steganography is also potentially interesting from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Aubrey Alston

Currently, cryptography is in wide use as it is being exploited in various domains from data confidentiality to data integrity and message authentication. Basically, cryptography shuffles data so that they become unreadable by unauthorized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2012-12-11 Youssef Bassil

Generative steganography is the process of hiding secret messages in generated images instead of cover images. Existing studies on generative steganography use GAN or Flow models to obtain high hiding message capacity and anti-detection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Daegyu Kim , Chaehun Shin , Jooyoung Choi , Dahuin Jung , Sungroh Yoon

Steganography is the task of concealing a message within a medium such that the presence of the hidden message cannot be detected. Though the prospect of steganography is conceivably interesting in many contexts, and though work has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Aubrey Alston

Image steganography is the process of hiding secret data in a cover image by subtle perturbation. Recent studies show that it is feasible to use a fixed neural network for data embedding and extraction. Such Fixed Neural Network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Guobiao Li , Sheng Li , Zhenxing Qian , Xinpeng Zhang

Secure covert communication in hostile environments requires simultaneously achieving invisibility, provable security guarantees, and robustness against informed adversaries. This paper presents a novel hybrid steganographic framework that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Obinna Omego , Michal Bosy

In the context of widespread global information sharing, information security and privacy protection have become focal points. Steganographic systems enhance information security by embedding confidential information into public carriers;…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Zezheng Qin , Congcong Sun , Taiyi He , Yuke He , Azizol Abdullah , Normalia Samian , Nuur Alifah Roslan

Steganography is an information hiding application which aims to hide secret data imperceptibly into a commonly used media. Unfortunately, the theoretical hiding asymptotical capacity of steganographic systems is not attained by algorithms…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-07-06 H. Rifà-Pous , J. Rifà , L. Ronquillo

Steganography is a technique for covert communication between two parties. With the rapid development of deep neural networks (DNN), more and more steganographic networks are proposed recently, which are shown to be promising to achieve…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Guobiao Li , Sheng Li , Meiling Li , Xinpeng Zhang , Zhenxing Qian

Steganography usually modifies cover media to embed secret data. A new steganographic approach called generative steganography (GS) has emerged recently, in which stego images (images containing secret data) are generated from secret data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Ping Wei , Sheng Li , Xinpeng Zhang , Ge Luo , Zhenxing Qian , Qing Zhou