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We derive a relative version of the local monodromy theorem for ordinary differential equations on an annulus over a mixed-characteristic nonarchimedean field, and give several applications in $p$-adic cohomology and $p$-adic Hodge theory.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-28 Kiran S. Kedlaya

Many well-known NP-hard algorithmic problems on directed graphs resist efficient parametrisations with most known width measures for directed graphs, such as directed treewidth, DAG-width, Kelly-width and many others. While these focus on…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Raphael Steiner , Sebastian Wiederrecht

We establish a novel bijective encoding that represents permutations as forests of decorated (or enriched) trees. This allows us to prove local convergence of uniform random permutations from substitution-closed classes satisfying a…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-07-01 Jacopo Borga , Mathilde Bouvel , Valentin Féray , Benedikt Stufler

Counting linear extensions is a fundamental problem in poset theory. It is known to be #P-complete, with polynomial-time formulas available in special cases. In this work, we develop new recursive formulas for counting linear extensions of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-22 Daniela Egas Santander , Matteo Santoro , Jason P. Smith

A large number of NP-hard graph problems can be solved in $f(w)n^{O(1)}$ time and space when the input graph is provided together with a tree decomposition of width $w$, in many cases with a modest exponential dependence $f(w)$ on $w$.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Stefan Kratsch

Monotone trees - trees with a function defined on their vertices that decreases the further away from a root node one travels, are a natural model for a process that weakens the further one gets from its source. Given an aggregation of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Lucas Magee , Yusu Wang

We introduce a series of graph decompositions based on the modulator/target scheme of modification problems that enable several algorithmic applications that parametrically extend the algorithmic potential of planarity. In the core of our…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Fedor V. Fomin , Petr A. Golovach , Laure Morelle , Dimitrios M. Thilikos

A parameterized string (p-string) is a string over an alphabet $(\Sigma_{s} \cup \Sigma_{p})$, where $\Sigma_{s}$ and $\Sigma_{p}$ are disjoint alphabets for static symbols (s-symbols) and for parameter symbols (p-symbols), respectively.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Kento Iseri , Tomohiro I , Diptarama Hendrian , Dominik Köppl , Ryo Yoshinaka , Ayumi Shinohara

Faltings' approach in $p$-adic Hodge theory can be schematically divided into two main steps: firstly, a local reduction of the computation of the $p$-adic \'etale cohomology of a smooth variety over a $p$-adic local field to a Galois…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2022-01-20 Tongmu He

We extend the algorithm of Darmon-Green and Darmon-Pollack for computing p-adic Darmon points on elliptic curves to the case of composite conductor. We also extend the algorithm of Darmon-Logan for computing ATR Darmon points to treat…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-09-21 Xavier Guitart , Marc Masdeu

We consider the extended discrete KP hierarchy and show that similarity reduction of its subhierarchies lead to purely discrete equations with dependence on some number of parameters together with equations governing deformations with…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2008-04-24 Andrei K. Svinin

In this work, we develop algebraic solvers for linear systems arising from the discretization of second-order elliptic partial differential equations by saddle-point mixed finite element methods of arbitrary polynomial degree $p \ge 0$ on…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Ani Miraçi , Jan Papež , Martin Vohralík , Ivan Yotov

We investigate the local descents for special orthogonal groups over p-adic local fields of characteristic zero, and obtain an explicit spectral decomposition of the local descents at the first occurrence index in terms of the local…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-17 Dihua Jiang , Lei Zhang

The Bruhat-Tits theory is a key ingredient in the construction of irreducible smooth representations of $p$-adic reductive groups. We describe generalizations to arbitrary such representations of several results recently obtained in the…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-13 Anne-Marie Aubert

This paper describes the adaptation of a well-scaling parallel algorithm for computing Morse-Smale segmentations based on path compression to a distributed computational setting. Additionally, we extend the algorithm to efficiently compute…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Michael Will , Jonas Lukasczyk , Julien Tierny , Christoph Garth

In this paper we investigate the use of the concept of tree dimension in Horn clause analysis and verification. The dimension of a tree is a measure of its non-linearity - for example a list of any length has dimension zero while a complete…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-12-15 Bishoksan Kafle , John P. Gallagher , Pierre Ganty

We investigate structural complexity measures on digraphs, in particular the cycle rank. This concept is intimately related to a classical topic in formal language theory, namely the star height of regular languages. We explore this…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-04-17 Hermann Gruber

We introduce the tree-decomposition-based parameter totally $\Delta$-modular treewidth (TDM-treewidth) for matrices with two nonzero entries per row. We show how to solve integer programs whose matrices have bounded TDM-treewidth in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-27 Caleb McFarland

We propose a new succinct representation of labeled trees which represents a tree T using |T|H_k(T) number of bits (plus some smaller order terms), where |T|H_k(T) denotes the k-th order (tree label) entropy, as defined by Ferragina at al.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Michał Gańczorz

In the post-Moore era, the need for efficient solutions to non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP) problems is becoming more pressing. In this context, the Ising model implemented by the probabilistic computing systems with probabilistic…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-02-28 Chao Fang , Yihan He , Xiao Gong , Gengchiau Liang