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Shrinkage estimation is a fundamental tool of modern statistics, pioneered by Charles Stein upon his discovery of the famous paradox involving the multivariate Gaussian. A large portion of the subsequent literature only considers the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-30 Max Fathi , Larry Goldstein , Gesine Reinert , Adrien Saumard

We consider the problem of estimating a low-rank signal matrix from noisy measurements under the assumption that the distribution of the data matrix belongs to an exponential family. In this setting, we derive generalized Stein's unbiased…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-03 Jérémie Bigot , Charles Deledalle , Delphine Féral

Stein's unbiased risk estimate (SURE) gives an unbiased estimate of the $\ell_2$ risk of any estimator of the mean of a Gaussian random vector. We focus here on the case when the estimator minimizes a quadratic loss term plus a convex…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-09 Parth Nobel , Emmanuel Candès , Stephen Boyd

Recently, Stein's unbiased risk estimator (SURE) has been applied to unsupervised training of deep neural network Gaussian denoisers that outperformed classical non-deep learning based denoisers and yielded comparable performance to those…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Magauiya Zhussip , Shakarim Soltanayev , Se Young Chun

Given a collection of observed signals corrupted with Gaussian noise, how can we learn to optimally denoise them? This fundamental problem arises in both empirical Bayes and generative modeling. In empirical Bayes, the predominant approach…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-25 Sulagna Ghosh , Nikolaos Ignatiadis , Frederic Koehler , Amber Lee

Algorithms to solve variational regularization of ill-posed inverse problems usually involve operators that depend on a collection of continuous parameters. When these operators enjoy some (local) regularity, these parameters can be…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-08-12 Charles-Alban Deledalle , Samuel Vaiter , Jalal M. Fadili , Gabriel Peyré

Among the plethora of techniques devised to curb the prevalence of noise in medical images, deep learning based approaches have shown the most promise. However, one critical limitation of these deep learning based denoisers is the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Fahad Shamshad , Muhammad Awais , Muhammad Asim , Zain ul Aabidin Lodhi , Muhammad Umair , Ali Ahmed

In the framework of matrix valued observables with low rank means, Stein's unbiased risk estimate (SURE) can be useful for risk estimation and for tuning the amount of shrinkage towards low rank matrices. This was demonstrated by Cand\`es…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-09-01 Niels Richard Hansen

Recently, many self-supervised learning methods for image reconstruction have been proposed that can learn from noisy data alone, bypassing the need for ground-truth references. Most existing methods cluster around two classes: i) Stein's…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-12 Julián Tachella , Mike Davies , Laurent Jacques

Stein's unbiased risk estimate (SURE) was proposed by Stein for the independent, identically distributed (iid) Gaussian model in order to derive estimates that dominate least-squares (LS). In recent years, the SURE criterion has been…

Methodology · Statistics 2009-11-13 Yonina C. Eldar

Linear inverse problems are very common in signal and image processing. Many algorithms that aim at solving such problems include unknown parameters that need tuning. In this work we focus on optimally selecting such parameters in iterative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2010-03-23 Raja Giryes , Michael Elad , Yonina C Eldar

The application of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to image denoising has notably challenged traditional denoising methods, particularly within complex noise scenarios prevalent in medical imaging. Despite the effectiveness of traditional and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-31 Reeshad Khan , John Gauch , Ukash Nakarmi

The James-Stein (JS) shrinkage estimator is a biased estimator that captures the mean of Gaussian random vectors.While it has a desirable statistical property of dominance over the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) in terms of mean squared…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Yifei Xing , Rudrasis Chakraborty , Minxuan Duan , Stella Yu

Nearly all estimators in statistical prediction come with an associated tuning parameter, in one way or another. Common practice, given data, is to choose the tuning parameter value that minimizes a constructed estimate of the prediction…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-17 Ryan J. Tibshirani , Saharon Rosset

Penalized Least Squares are widely used in signal and image processing. Yet, it suffers from a major limitation since it requires fine-tuning of the regularization parameters. Under assumptions on the noise probability distribution,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-05-13 Barbara Pascal , Samuel Vaiter , Nelly Pustelnik , Patrice Abry

Deep learning image reconstruction algorithms often suffer from model mismatches when the acquisition scheme differs significantly from the forward model used during training. We introduce a Generalized Stein's Unbiased Risk Estimate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-02 Hemant Kumar Aggarwal , Mathews Jacob

To recover a low rank structure from a noisy matrix, truncated singular value decomposition has been extensively used and studied. Recent studies suggested that the signal can be better estimated by shrinking the singular values. We pursue…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-11-25 Julie Josse , Sylvain Sardy

This paper discusses the properties of certain risk estimators recently proposed to choose regularization parameters in ill-posed problems. A simple approach is Stein's unbiased risk estimator (SURE), which estimates the risk in the data…

We derive the asymptotic risk function of regularized empirical risk minimization (ERM) estimators tuned by $n$-fold cross-validation (CV). The out-of-sample prediction loss of such estimators converges in distribution to the squared-error…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Karun Adusumilli , Maximilian Kasy , Ashia Wilson

In this letter, we investigate the shrinkage problem for the non-local means (NLM) image denoising. In particular, we derive the closed-form of the optimal blockwise shrinkage for NLM that minimizes the Stein's unbiased risk estimator…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-05-05 Yue Wu , Brian Tracey , Premkumar Natarajan , Joseph P. Noonan
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