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Quantifying entanglement is a work in progress which is important for the active field of quantum information and computation. A measure of bipartite pure state entanglement is proposed here, named entanglement coherence, which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-15 Neha Pathania , Tabish Qureshi

We prove that the vast majority of symmetric states of qubits can be decomposed in a unique way into a superposition of spin 1/2 coherent states. For the case of two qubits, the proposed decomposition reproduces the Schmidt decomposition…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-25 A. Mandilara , T. Coudreau , A. Keller , P. Milman

The Schmidt numbers quantify the entanglement degree of quantum states. Quantum states with high Schmidt numbers provide a larger advantage in various quantum information processing tasks compared to quantum states with low Schmidt numbers.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-06 Hao-Fan Wang , Shao-Ming Fei

We introduce a generalization of entanglement based on the idea that entanglement is relative to a distinguished subspace of observables rather than a distinguished subsystem decomposition. A pure quantum state is entangled relative to such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Howard Barnum , Emanuel Knill , Gerardo Ortiz , Rolando Somma , Lorenza Viola

When two or more subsystems of a quantum system interact with each other they can become entangled. In this case the individual subsystems can no longer be described as pure quantum states. For systems with only 2 subsystems this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rachel Parker , Chris Doran

Genuine multipartite entanglement of a given multipartite pure quantum state can be quantified through its geometric measure of entanglement, which, up to logarithms, is simply the maximum overlap of the corresponding unit tensor with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Khurshed P. Fitter , Cecilia Lancien , Ion Nechita

The Schmidt number is of crucial importance in characterizing the bipartite pure states. We explore and propose here a generalization of Schmidt number for states in multipartite systems. It is shown to be entanglement monotonic and valid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-12 Yu Guo , Heng Fan

We show that pure states of multipartite quantum systems are multiseparable (i.e. give separable density matrices on tracing any party) if and only if they have a generalized Schmidt decomposition. Implications of this result for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Ashish V. Thapliyal

The Schmidt number is a fundamental parameter characterizing the properties of quantum states, and the local projections are a fundamental operation in quantum physics. We investigate the relation between the Schmidt numbers of bipartite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-19 Lin Chen , Yu Yang , Wai-shing Tang

We study the entanglement in tripartite quantum systems by using the principal basis matrix representations of density matrices. Using the Schmidt decomposition and local unitary transformation, we first convert the general states to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-13 Hui Zhao , Yu-Qiu Liu , Shao-Ming Fei , Zhi-Xi Wang , Naihuan Jing

We identify a general criterion for detecting entanglement of pure bipartite quantum states describing a system of two identical particles. Such a criterion is based both on the consideration of the Slater-Schmidt number of the fermionic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 GianCarlo Ghirardi , Luca Marinatto

The thesis includes the original results of our articles [30, 37, 40, 42, 51, 53, 75]. A method is developed to compute analytically entanglement measures of three-qubit pure states. Owing to it closed-form expressions are presented for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-03-11 Levon Tamaryan

Multipartite entanglement has a much more complex structure than bipartite entanglement. A state that lacks generic multipartite entanglement is 2-producible, i.e. it can be written as a tensor product of at most 2-partite entangled states.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-09 Tian-Ren Jin , Yu-Ran Zhang , Heng Fan

We find a canonical form for pure states of a general multipartite system, in which the constraints on the coordinates (with respect to a factorisable orthonormal basis) are simply that certain ones vanish and certain others are real. For…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 H. A. Carteret , A. Higuchi , A. Sudbery

We present Schmidt decomposition formulas for mutually orthogonal two-qubit pure states and classify orthonormal sets based on their entanglement structure. First, we derive explicit Schmidt decomposition formulas for any pure state and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Yonghae Lee , Youngho Min , Sunghyun Bae , Youngrong Lim

In the standard geometric approach, the entanglement of a pure state is $\sin^2\theta$, where $\theta$ is the angle between the entangled state and the closest separable state of products of normalised qubit states. We consider here a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 M. E. Carrington , R. Kobes , G. Kunstatter , D. Ostapchuk , G. Passante

One of the most important questions in quantum information theory is the so-called separability problem. It involves characterizing the set of separable (or, equivalently entangled) states among mixed states of a multipartite quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-16 Michał Oszmaniec

We show that there is a unique maximal decomposition of a pure multi-partite (N>2) quantum state into a sum of states which are "locally orthogonal" in the sense that the local reduced state for a term in the sum lives in its own orthogonal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-17 C. Jess Riedel

We relate the notion of entanglement for quantum systems composed of two identical constituents to the impossibility of attributing a complete set of properties to both particles. This implies definite constraints on the mathematical form…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 GianCarlo Ghirardi , Luca Marinatto

Efficient verification of multipartite quantum states is crucial to many applications in quantum information processing. By virtue of Schmidt decomposition and mutually unbiased bases, here we propose a universal protocol to verify…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Yunting Li , Huangjun Zhu