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Related papers: Bounded Underapproximations

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We give asymptotically converging semidefinite programming hierarchies of outer bounds on bilinear programs of the form $\mathrm{Tr}\big[M(X\otimes Y)\big]$, maximized with respect to semidefinite constraints on $X$ and $Y$. Applied to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-13 Mario Berta , Francesco Borderi , Omar Fawzi , Volkher Scholz

We introduce the finite-horizon first-order rank profile of a language $L \subseteq \Sigma^*$: the least quantifier rank needed by an $\mathrm{FO}[<]$ sentence to classify membership in $L$ correctly on all words of length at most $n$. The…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Madina Bazarova , Faruk Alpay

Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone of modern natural language processing, with their capabilities extending across a wide range of applications and languages. However, the fine-tuning of multilingual LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Wanru Zhao , Yihong Chen , Royson Lee , Xinchi Qiu , Yan Gao , Hongxiang Fan , Nicholas D. Lane

We propose different ways of lifting the notion of Dyck language from words to 2-dimensional (2D) pictures, by means of new definitions of increasing comprehensiveness. Two of the proposals are based on alternative definitions of a Dyck…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Stefano Crespi Reghizzi , Antonio Restivo , Pierluigi San Pietro

Recent advances in large language and vision-language models have enabled zero-shot inference, allowing models to solve new tasks without task-specific training. Various adaptation techniques such as prompt engineering, In-Context Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Artyom Gadetsky , Andrei Atanov , Yulun Jiang , Zhitong Gao , Ghazal Hosseini Mighan , Amir Zamir , Maria Brbic

Uncertain information is being taken into account in an increasing number of application fields. In the meantime, abduction has been proved a powerful tool for handling hypothetical reasoning and incomplete knowledge. Probabilistic logical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Elena Bellodi , Marco Gavanelli , Riccardo Zese , Evelina Lamma , Fabrizio Riguzzi

Large language models represent the same reasoning in vastly different surface forms -- English prose, Python code, mathematical notation -- yet whether they share a common internal substrate across these symbolic systems remains unknown.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Aojie Yuan , Zhiyuan Su

We introduce linear programs encoding regular expressions of finite languages. We show that, given a language, the optimum value of the associated linear program is a lower bound on the size of any regular expression of the language.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-12-08 Hamoon Mousavi

We introduce constraints necessary for type checking a higher-order concurrent constraint language, and solve them with an incremental algorithm. Our constraint system extends rational unification by constraints x$\subseteq$ y saying that…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Martin Mueller , Joachim Niehren

The ability to correctly model distinct meanings of a word is crucial for the effectiveness of semantic representation techniques. However, most existing evaluation benchmarks for assessing this criterion are tied to sense inventories…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Alessandro Raganato , Tommaso Pasini , Jose Camacho-Collados , Mohammad Taher Pilehvar

We observe that pre-trained large language models (LLMs) are capable of autoregressively completing complex token sequences -- from arbitrary ones procedurally generated by probabilistic context-free grammars (PCFG), to more rich spatial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Suvir Mirchandani , Fei Xia , Pete Florence , Brian Ichter , Danny Driess , Montserrat Gonzalez Arenas , Kanishka Rao , Dorsa Sadigh , Andy Zeng

We propose a graphical language that accommodates two monoidal structures: a multiplicative one for pairing and an additional one for branching. In this colored PROP, whether wires in parallel are linked through the multiplicative structure…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Kostia Chardonnet , Marc de Visme , Benoît Valiron , Renaud Vilmart

Existing models of multilingual sentence embeddings require large parallel data resources which are not available for low-resource languages. We propose a novel unsupervised method to derive multilingual sentence embeddings relying only on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Ivana Kvapilıkova , Mikel Artetxe , Gorka Labaka , Eneko Agirre , Ondřej Bojar

Big languages such as English and Finnish have many natural language processing (NLP) resources and models, but this is not the case for low-resourced and endangered languages as such resources are so scarce despite the great advantages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Khalid Alnajjar

The challenge of slang translation lies in capturing context-dependent semantic extensions, as slang terms often convey meanings beyond their literal interpretation. While slang detection, explanation, and translation have been studied as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yunlong Liang , Fandong Meng , Jiaan Wang , Jie Zhou

We study the problem of deciding whether a given language is directed. A language $L$ is \emph{directed} if every pair of words in $L$ have a common (scattered) superword in $L$. Deciding directedness is a fundamental problem in connection…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Moses Ganardi , Irmak Saglam , Georg Zetzsche

Proof assistants are software-based tools that are used in the mechanization of proof construction and validation in mathematics and computer science, and also in certified program development. Different tools are being increasingly used in…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-04 Marcus Vinícius Midena Ramos , Ruy J. G. B. de Queiroz

LLM serving systems typically treat user prompts as monolithic inputs, optimizing inference through decoding tricks or inter-query batching. However, many real-world prompts contain latent semantic parallelism--decomposable structures where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Steven Kolawole , Keshav Santhanam , Virginia Smith , Pratiksha Thaker

We study the membership problem to context-free languages L (CFLs) on probabilistic words, that specify for each position a probability distribution on the letters (assuming independence across positions). Our task is to compute, given a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Antoine Amarilli , Mikaël Monet , Paul Raphaël , Sylvain Salvati

Multilingual Pretrained Language Models (MPLMs) have shown their strong multilinguality in recent empirical cross-lingual transfer studies. In this paper, we propose the Prompts Augmented by Retrieval Crosslingually (PARC) pipeline to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Ercong Nie , Sheng Liang , Helmut Schmid , Hinrich Schütze