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We perform three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of two idealized regimes of stellar convection: a cooling-driven model (Model C) and an entropy-gradient-driven model (Model S). The two regimes exhibit striking contrasts: while Model S…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-18 Youhei Masada , Tomoya Takiwaki , Nobumitsu Yoko

Convection is ubiquitous in stellar and planetary interiors where it likely plays an integral role in the generation of magnetic fields. As the interiors of these objects remain hidden from direct observation, numerical models of convection…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-22 Brandon J. Lazard , Nicholas A. Featherstone , Jonathan M. Aurnou

We present an analysis of the response of a radiative region to waves generated by a convective region of the star; this wave treatment of the classical problem of ``overshooting'' gives extra mixing relative to the treatment traditionally…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Patrick A. Young , Karen A. Knierman , Jane R. Rigby , David Arnett

We analyze stellar convection with the aid of 3D hydrodynamic simulations, introducing the turbulent cascade into our theoretical analysis. We devise closures of the Reynolds-decomposed mean field equations by simple physical modeling of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 David Arnett , Casey Meakin , P. A. Young

We review recent results of stellar pulsation modelling that show that even very simple one-dimensional models for time dependent turbulent energy diffusion and convection provide a substantial improvement over purely radiative models.

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Robert Buchler , Philip Yecko , Zoltan Kollath , Marie-Jo Goupil

Recently 3D hydrodynamical simulations of stellar surface convection have become feasible thanks to advances in computer technology and efficient numerical algorithms. Available observational diagnostics indicate that these models are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Martin Asplund , Remo Collet

The process referred to as "semi-convection" in astrophysics and "double-diffusive convection in the diffusive regime" in Earth and planetary sciences, occurs in stellar and planetary interiors in regions which are stable according to the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Giovanni M. Mirouh , Pascale Garaud , Stephan Stellmach , Adrienne L. Traxler , Toby S. Wood

Convection is a key transport phenomenon important in many different areas, from hydrodynamics and ocean circulation to planetary atmospheres or stellar physics. However its microscopic understanding still remains challenging. Here we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-07-29 P. L. Garrido , P. I. Hurtado

Convection is ubiquitous in stars and occurs under many different conditions. Here we explore convection in main-sequence stars through two lenses: dimensionless parameters arising from stellar structure and parameters which emerge from the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-31 Adam S. Jermyn , Evan H. Anders , Daniel Lecoanet , Matteo Cantiello

A monomodal model for stellar and planetary convection is derived for the magnitude of the rms velocity, degree of superadiabaticity, and characteristic length scale as a function of rotation rate as well as with thermal and viscous…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-03 Kyle C. Augustson , Stéphane Mathis

Because Cepheid variable stars have long been used as a cosmic benchmark, the accuracy of stellar evolution models for Cepheids have wide-reaching effects. Our goal is to provide a detailed multi-dimensional picture of hydrodynamic…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-25 Maxime Stuck , Jane Pratt , Isabelle Baraffe , Joyce Ann Guzik , Mary-Geer Dethero , Dimitar Vlaykov , Tom Goffrey , Arthur Le Saux

In this paper we describe our convective hydrocodes for radial stellar pulsation. We adopt the Kuhfuss (1986) model of convection, reformulated for the use in stellar pulsation hydrocodes. Physical as well as numerical assumptions of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-10-13 R. Smolec , P. Moskalik

Local-box hydrodynamical model atmospheres provide statistical information about the spatial dependence, as well as temporal evolution, of a star's emergent radiation field. Here, we consider late-type stellar atmospheres for which temporal…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Hans-G. Ludwig

Stellar tachoclines are thin regions located between the radiative core and the convective envelope of solar-type stars. They are defined as layers where the rotation of the radiative interior transitions to the differential rotation of the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-21 Camille Moisset , Stéphane Mathis , Louis Amard

(Abridged) We describe the results of three-dimensional (3D) numerical simulations designed to study turbulent convection in the stellar interiors, and compare them to stellar mixing-length theory (MLT). Simulations in 2D are significantly…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Casey A. Meakin , David Arnett

Thermal convection is one of the main mechanisms of heat transport and mixing in stars in general and also in the photospheric layers which emit the radiation that we observe with astronomical instruments. The present lecture notes first…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-03 Friedrich Kupka

Two-dimensional models of rapidly rotating stars are already unavoidable for the interpretation of interferometric or asteroseismic data of this kind of stars. When combined with time evolution, they will allow the including of a more…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Michel Rieutord , Francisco Espinosa Lara

Progress in the theory of stellar convection over the past decade is reviewed. The similarities and differences between convection in stellar envelopes and laboratory convection at high Rayleigh numbers are discussed. Direct numerical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. C. Spruit

Both observations and numerical simulations show that stellar convective motions are composed of semi-regular flows of convective rolling cells and the fully developed turbulence. Although the convective rolling cells are crucial for the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Yan Li

We perform Large eddy simulations of turbulent compressible convection in stellar-type convection zones by solving the Navi\'{e}r-Stokes equations in three dimensions. We estimate the extent of penetration into the stable layer above a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Partha S. Pal , Harinder P. Singh , Kwing L. Chan , M. P. Srivastava