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We show that the geometry of minimum spanning trees (MST) on random graphs is universal. Due to this geometric universality, we are able to characterise the energy of MST using a scaling distribution ($P(\epsilon)$) found using uniform…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 R. Dobrin , P. M. Duxbury

In the context of algorithm theory, various studies have been conducted on spanning trees with desirable properties. In this paper, we consider the \textsc{Minimum Cover Spanning Tree} problem (MCST for short). Given a graph $G$ and a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Toranosuke Kokai , Akira Suzuki , Takahiro Suzuki , Yuma Tamura , Xiao Zhou

Minimum Spanning Trees are a well-studied subset of graph problems. While classical algorithms have existed to solve these problems for decades, new variations and application areas are constantly being discovered. When dealing with large…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Arjun Bhalla

Time series of price returns for 80 of the most liquid cryptocurrencies listed on Binance are investigated for the presence of detrended cross-correlations. A spectral analysis of the detrended correlation matrix and a topological analysis…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-12-14 Jarosław Kwapień , Marcin Wątorek , Stanisław Drożdż

Finding a minimum spanning tree (MST) for $n$ points in an arbitrary metric space is a fundamental primitive for hierarchical clustering and many other ML tasks, but this takes $\Omega(n^2)$ time to even approximate. We introduce a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Nate Veldt , Thomas Stanley , Benjamin W. Priest , Trevor Steil , Keita Iwabuchi , T. S. Jayram , Geoffrey Sanders

We study the problem of finding small trees. Classical network design problems are considered with the additional constraint that only a specified number $k$ of nodes are required to be connected in the solution. A prototypical example is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-25 R. Ravi , R. Sundaram , Madhav V. Marathe , S. S. Ravi , Daniel J. Rosenkrantz

Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum have recently gained a lot of popularity, not only as a digital form of currency but also as an investment vehicle. Online marketplaces and exchanges allow users across the world to convert…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Francesco Bortolussi , Zeger Hoogeboom , Frank W. Takes

Minimum spanning trees (MSTs) provide a convenient representation of datasets in numerous pattern recognition activities. Moreover, they are relatively fast to compute. In this paper, we quantify the extent to which they are meaningful in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-16 Marek Gagolewski , Anna Cena , Maciej Bartoszuk , Łukasz Brzozowski

Previous studies has shown that for a weighted undirected graph having $n$ vertices and $m$ edges, a minimal weight spanning tree can be found with $O^*(\sqrt{mn})$ calls to the weight oracle. The present note shows that a given spanning…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-12-07 Mark Heiligman

This study uses hierarchical structure methods (minimal spanning tree, (MST) and hierarchical tree, (HT)) to examine the hierarchical structures of the United State (US) foreign trade by using the real prices of their commodity export and…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2014-06-30 Ersin Kantar

The Minimum Branch Vertices Spanning Tree problem aims to find a spanning tree $T$ in a given graph $G$ with the fewest branch vertices, defined as vertices with a degree three or more in $T$. This problem, known to be NP-hard, has…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Luisa Gargano , Adele A. Rescigno

In length-constrained minimum spanning tree (MST) we are given an $n$-node graph $G = (V,E)$ with edge weights $w : E \to \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}$ and edge lengths $l: E \to \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}$ along with a root node $r \in V$ and a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-12 D Ellis Hershkowitz , Richard Z Huang

This article studies the Minimum Spanning Tree Problem under Explorable Uncertainty as well as a related vertex uncertainty version of the problem. We particularly consider special instance types, including cactus graphs, for which we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Corinna Mathwieser , Eranda Cela

The quadratic minimum spanning tree problem (QMSTP) is the problem of finding a spanning tree of a graph such that the total interaction cost between pairs of edges in the tree is minimized. We first show that most of the bounding…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-09 Renata Sotirov , Zoe Verchére

We investigate the time series of the degree of minimum spanning trees obtained by using a correlation based clustering procedure which is starting from (i) asset return and (ii) volatility time series. The minimum spanning tree is obtained…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Salvatore Miccichè , Giovanni Bonanno , Fabrizio Lillo , Rosario N. Mantegna

We empirically investigated the effects of market factors on the information flow created from N(N-1)/2 linkage relationships among stocks. We also examined the possibility of employing the minimal spanning tree (MST) method, which is…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2015-05-13 Cheoljun Eom , Okyu Kwon , Woo-Sung Jung , Seunghwan Kim

This paper uses two hierarchical techniques, a minimal spanning tree and an ultrametric hierarchical tree, to extract a topological influence map for major currencies from the ultrametric distance matrix for 1996-2001. We find that these…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Michael J. Naylor , Lawrence C. Rose , Brendan J. Moyle

We study the minimum spanning tree (MST) problem in the massively parallel computation (MPC) model. Our focus is particularly on the *strictly sublinear* regime of MPC where the space per machine is $O(n^\delta)$. Here $n$ is the number of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Amir Azarmehr , Soheil Behnezhad , Rajesh Jayaram , Jakub Łącki , Vahab Mirrokni , Peilin Zhong

We present here a topological characterization of the minimal spanning tree that can be obtained by considering the price return correlations of stocks traded in a financial market. We compare the minimal spanning tree obtained from a large…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Giovanni Bonanno , Guido Caldarelli , Fabrizio Lillo , and Rosario N. Mantegna

We prove that the Minimal Spanning Tree and the Invasion Percolation Tree on a version of the triangular lattice in the complex plane have unique scaling limits, which are invariant under rotations, scalings, and, in the case of the MST,…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-01-27 Christophe Garban , Gábor Pete , Oded Schramm