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Recommender systems recommend objects regardless of potential adverse effects of their overcrowding. We address this shortcoming by introducing crowd-avoiding recommendation where each object can be shared by only a limited number of users…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-06-18 Stanislao Gualdi , Matus Medo , Yi-Cheng Zhang

It is very common to observe crowds of individuals solving similar problems with similar information in a largely independent manner. We argue here that crowds can become "smarter," i.e., more efficient and robust, by partially following…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-08 Yu Luo , Garud Iyengar , Venkat Venkatasubramanian

The geographical pattern of human dialects is a result of history. Here, we formulate a simple spatial model of language change which shows that the final result of this historical evolution may, to some extent, be predictable. The model…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-07-26 James Burridge

In social and biological systems, the structural heterogeneity of interaction networks gives rise to the emergence of a small set of influential nodes, or influencers, in a series of dynamical processes. Although much smaller than the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-05-04 Sen Pei , Flaviano Morone , Hernán A. Makse

Thomas Schelling proposed an influential simple spatial model to illustrate how, even with relatively mild assumptions on each individual's nearest neighbor preferences, an integrated city would likely unravel to a segregated city, even if…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-11-15 Abhinav Singh , Dmitri Vainchtein , Howard Weiss

Biological aggregations such as insect swarms and bird flocks may arise from a combination of social interactions and environmental cues. We focus on nonlocal continuum equations, which are often used to model aggregations, and yet which…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2016-05-16 Andrew J. Bernoff , Chad M. Topaz

We describe a simple spatial model of urban growth for systems of cities at the macroscopic scale, which combines direct interaction between cities and an indirect effect of physical network flows as population growth drivers. The model is…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-04-26 Juste Raimbault

Motivated by empirical evidence on the interplay between geography, population density and societal interaction, we propose a generative process for the evolution of social structure in cities. Our analytical and simulation results predict…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-06-12 Wei Pan , Gourab Ghoshal , Coco Krumme , Manuel Cebrian , Alex Pentland

Endogenous, ideas-led, growth theory and agent based modelling with neighbourhood effects literature are crossed. In an economic overlapping generations framework, it is shown how social interactions and neighbourhood effects are of vital…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2007-05-23 Tanya Araujo , Miguel St. Aubyn

Evolutionary systems must learn to generalize, often extrapolating from a limited set of selective conditions to anticipate future environmental changes. The mechanisms enabling such generalization remain poorly understood, despite their…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-29 Federica Ferretti , Mehran Kardar , Arvind Murugan

Cook's [J. Roy. Statist. Soc. Ser. B 48 (1986) 133--169] local influence approach based on normal curvature is an important diagnostic tool for assessing local influence of minor perturbations to a statistical model. However, no rigorous…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2008-12-18 Hongtu Zhu , Joseph G. Ibrahim , Sikyum Lee , Heping Zhang

There is strong expectation that cities, across time, culture and level of development, share much in common in terms of their form and function. Recently, attempts to formalize mathematically these expectations have led to the hypothesis…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-01-28 Luis M. A. Bettencourt , Jose Lobo , Hyejin Youn

Unmeasured spatial confounding complicates exposure effect estimation in environmental health studies. This problem is exacerbated in studies with multiple health outcomes and environmental exposure variables, as the source and magnitude of…

The Schelling model of segregation looks to explain the way in which a population of agents or particles of two types may come to organise itself into large homogeneous clusters, and can be seen as a variant of the Ising model in which the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-08-13 George Barmpalias , Richard Elwes , Andy Lewis-Pye

The dynamics of urban systems can be understood from an evolutionary perspective, in some sense extending biological and cultural evolution. Models for systems of cities implementing elementary evolutionary processes remain however to be…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-05-01 Juste Raimbault

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in simulating human behaviour and social intelligence. However, they risk perpetuating societal biases, especially when demographic information is involved. We introduce…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Bryan Chen Zhengyu Tan , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Unveiling individuals' preferences for connecting with similar others (choice homophily) beyond the structural factors determining the pool of opportunities, is a challenging task. Here, we introduce a robust methodology for quantifying and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-01-25 Sina Sajjadi , Samuel Martin-Gutierrez , Fariba Karimi

We analyze how temporal variability in local demography and dispersal combine to affect the rate of spread of an invading species. Our model combines state-structured local demography (specified by an integral or matrix projection model)…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2012-04-09 Stephen P. Ellner , Sebastian J. Schreiber

A prominent threat to causal inference about peer effects over social networks is the presence of homophily bias, that is, social influence between friends and families is entangled with common characteristics or underlying similarities…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-18 Lan Liu , Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen

In this paper we focus on diversity-induced resonance, which was recently found in bistable, excitable and other physical systems. We study the appearance of this phenomenon in a purely economic model of cooperating and defecting agents.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-11 Claudio J. Tessone , Angel Sánchez , Frank Schweitzer