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This paper addresses the questions of what we have learned about how and when dense star clusters form, and what studies of star clusters have revealed about galaxy formation and evolution. One important observation is that globular…
The nonthermal characteristics of starburst galaxies and galaxy clusters are reviewed and the perspectives for their observation in high energy gamma rays discussed. It is argued that starburst galaxies should have physically similar and…
In about 40% of the Local Group galaxies star clusters have been detected so far, but the census is still incomplete. The properties of these clusters are briefly reviewed, and the impact of galaxy environment on the evolution and survival…
We study the relations between the multimodality of galaxy clusters drawn from the SDSS DR8 and the environment where they reside. As cluster environment we consider the global luminosity density field, supercluster membership, and…
Strong gravitational lensing observations can test structure formation models by constraining the masses and concentrations of subhaloes in massive galaxy clusters. Recent work has concluded that cluster subhaloes are more abundant and/or…
Merging galaxy clusters have been touted as one of the best probes for constraining self-interacting dark matter, but few simulations exist to back up this claim. We simulate equal mass mergers of 10$^{15}$ M$_\odot$ halos, like the El…
Galaxy cluster mergers that exhibit clear dissociation between their dark matter, intracluster gas, and stellar components are great laboratories for probing dark matter properties. Mergers that are binary and in the plane of the sky have…
We consider a sample of about 50 distant galaxy clusters at z>0.15 (<z> about 0.3), each cluster having at least 10 galaxies with available redshift in the literature. We select member galaxies, analyze the velocity dispersion profiles, and…
I will review the latest results for the presence of diffuse light in the nearby universe and at intermediate redshift, and then discuss the latest results from hydrodynamical cosmological simulations of cluster formation on the expected…
We study the properties of the diffuse light in galaxy clusters forming in a large hydrodynamical cosmological simulation of the Lambda-CDM cosmology. The simulation includes a model for radiative cooling, star formation in dense cold gas,…
The discovery of proto-globular cluster candidates in many current-day mergers allows us to better understand the possible effects of a merger event on the globular cluster system of a galaxy, and to foresee the properties of the…
In the three nearest luminous galaxies, the Milky Way System, the Andromeda Galaxy and NGC 5128 the brightest globular clusters are rounder than the faintest ones. On the other hand (contrary to some previous results) the flattening of…
Substructure in galaxy clusters can be quantified with the robust Delta statistics (Dressler and Shectman 1988) which uses velocity kinematics and sky projected positions. We test its sensitivity using dissipationless numerical simulations…
Different types of observations, together with consistent and physical modelizations, suggest as realistic the hypothesis of enrichement of galactic nuclei by mean of massive globular clusters orbitally decayed and merged in the inner…
The results of the analysis of the subclustering in a sample of ESO Nearby Abell Cluster Survey (ENACS) galaxy clusters, with data complemented from other studies, are presented. The analysis is performed by using the S-tree method enabling…
We review recent advancements in cosmology with galaxy clusters. Galaxy clusters are the most massive objects in the Universe. Consequently the cluster number density as a function of cluster mass, or cluster abundance, is sensitive to…
Clusters of galaxies are important laboratories for understanding both galaxy evolution and constraining cosmological quantities. Any analysis of clusters, however, is best done when one can reliably determine which galaxies are members of…
Particle acceleration in clusters of galaxies is expected to take place at both merger and accretion shocks. The electron component may be energized to energies of several TeV, and upscatter a small fraction of the photons in the cosmic…
We investigate whether the dynamical status of clusters is related to the large-scale structure of the Universe. We find that cluster substructure is strongly correlated with the tendency of clusters to be aligned with their nearest…
Although cluster dwarf galaxies are often neglected due to their faintness, recent observations demonstrate that they are critical for understanding the physical processes behind galaxy and cluster formation. Dwarfs are the most common…