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We generalize the local surface counterterm prescription suggested in Einstein gravity for higher derivative (HD) and Weyl gravities. Explicitly, the surface counterterm is found for three- and five-dimensional HD gravities. As a result,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-17 Shin'ichi Nojiri , Sergei D. Odintsov

We derive the generalized Gauss-Codazzi-Mainardi (GCM) equation for a general affine connection with torsion and non-metricity. Moreover, we show that the metric compatibility and torsionless condition of a connection on a manifold are…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-08-02 Seramika Ariwahjoedi , Agus Suroso , F. P. Zen

It is common knowledge that the Einstein-Hilbert action does not furnish a well-posed variational principle. The usual solution to this problem is to add an extra boundary term to the action, called a counter-term, so that the variational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-07-15 Krishnamohan Parattu , Sumanta Chakraborty , T. Padmanabhan

The usual derivation of Einstein's field equations from the Einstein--Hilbert action is performed by silently assuming the metric tensor's symmetric character. If this symmetry is not assumed, the result is a new theory, such as Einstein's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-05 Viktor T. Toth

Bounds for the area of general closed marginally trapped surfaces (MTSs) are presented. They do not require any stability condition, and are determined by a constant that depends on a particular component of the Einstein tensor on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-29 José M. M. Senovilla

On a smooth metric measure spacetime $(M,g,e^{-f} dvol_g)$, we define a weighted Einstein tensor. It is given in terms of the Bakry-\'Emery Ricci tensor as a tensor which is symmetric, divergence-free, concomitant of the metric and the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-06-29 Miguel Brozos-Vázquez , Diego Mojón-Álvarez

The Weiss variation of the Einstein-Hilbert action with an appropriate boundary term has been studied for general boundary surfaces; the boundary surfaces can be spacelike, timelike, or null. To achieve this we introduce an auxiliary…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-07-20 Justin C. Feng , Sumanta Chakraborty

Einstein's vierbein formulation of general relativity based on the notion of distant parallelism (teleparallelism) naturally introduces a covariant surface term in addition to the Einstein-Hilbert action. We investigate the action principle…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-09-06 Naritaka Oshita , Yi-Peng Wu

The manuscript studies a 3+N+1-dimensional space in which the N extra dimensions are dynamically compact. The 3 large dimensions, behaving as the spacial part of the FRW metric, possess a different scale factor in comparison with the N…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-07-18 Taymaz Ghaneh

We compute the energy of 2+1 Minkowski space from a covariant action principle. Using Ashtekar and Varadarajan's characterization of 2+1 asymptotic flatness, we first show that the 2+1 Einstein-Hilbert action with Gibbons-Hawking boundary…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Donald Marolf , Leonardo Patiño

We consider the issue of attaining a consistent Hamiltonian formulation, after a 3+1 splitting, of a well defined action principle for asymptotically flat gravity. More precisely, our starting point is the gravitational first order Holst…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-11-09 Alejandro Corichi , Juan D. Reyes

By gauging the Maxwell spacetime algebra the standard geometric framework of Einstein gravity with cosmological constant term is extended by adding six fourvector fields A_\mu^{ab}(x) associated with the six abelian tensorial charges in the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-07-08 Jose A. de Azcarraga , Kiyoshi Kamimura , Jerzy Lukierski

In a previous paper, we have introduced a new unified description of the main equations of the gravitational and of the electromagnetic field, in terms of tidal tensors and connections on the tangent bundle TM of the space-time manifold. In…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-11-23 Nicoleta Voicu

In this paper we present a new set of asymptotic boundary conditions for Einstein gravity in 2+1 dimensions with vanishing cosmological constant that are a generalization of the Barnich-Comp{\`e}re boundary conditions gr-qc/0610130. These…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-03-01 Stéphane Detournay , Max Riegler

We study Einstein gravity in a finite spatial region. By requiring a well-defined variational principle, we identify all local boundary conditions, derive surface observables, and compute their algebra. The observables arise as induced…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-30 Viqar Husain , Seth Major

Considering the so-called Ricci-based gravity theories, a family of extensions of General Relativity whose action is given by a non-linear function of contractions and products of the (symmetric part of the) Ricci tensor of an independent…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-22 Gerardo Mora-Pérez , Gonzalo J. Olmo , Diego Rubiera-Garcia , Diego Sáez-Chillón Gómez

In 1999, R. B. Mann proposed a counterterm that is some sort of generalization of the well-known Holographic counterterm and that can eliminate the divergence of the gravitational action of asymptotically AdS and flat spacetimes (Phys. Rev.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-11-17 Shoichiro Miyashita

We propose a boundary term to the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet action for gravity, which is constructed as the dimensional continuation of the Chern-Weil theorem, and such that the extremization of the full action yields the equations of motion…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-05-16 Nathalie Deruelle , Nelson Merino , Rodrigo Olea

We provide a new extension of general relativity (GR) which has the remarkable property of being more constrained than GR plus a cosmological constant, having one less free parameter. This is implemented by allowing the cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-10-09 Stephon Alexander , Marina Cortês , Andrew R. Liddle , João Magueijo , Robert Sims , Lee Smolin

The paper extends basic Einstein--Hilbert action by adding a newly proposed invariant constructed from a specific contraction between the Einstein tensor and the energy momentum tensor, encoding a non--minimal coupling between the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-09 Mihai Marciu , Dana Maria Ioan