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While binary nearest-neighbour cellar automata (CA) have been studied in detail and from many different angles, the same cannot be said about ternary (three-state) CA rules. We present some results of our explorations of a small subset of…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2023-12-18 H. Fukś , R. Procyk

We extend a previously introduced semi-analytical representation of a decomposition of CA dynamics in arbitrary dimensions and neighborhood schemes via the use of certain universal maps in which CA rule vectors are derivable from the…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2017-08-29 Theophanes E. Raptis

Rule 22 elementary cellular automaton (ECA) has a 3--cell neighborhood, binary cell states, where a cell takes state `1' if there is exactly one neighbor, including the cell itself, in state `1'. In Boolean terms the cell-state transition…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2020-05-05 Genaro J. Martinez , Andrew Adamatzky , Rolf Hoffmann , Dominique Deserable , Ivan Zelinka

The property of reversibility is quite meaningful for the classic theoretical computer science model, cellular automata. For the reversibility problem for a CA under null boundary conditions, while linear rules have been studied a lot, the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Ma Junchi , Chen Weilin , Wang Chen , Lin Defu , Wang Chao

A framework for implementing reservoir computing (RC) and extreme learning machines (ELMs), two types of artificial neural networks, based on 1D elementary Cellular Automata (CA) is presented, in which two separate CA rules explicitly…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-03-20 Nathan McDonald

In this work, we investigate the computational aspects of asynchronous cellular automata (ACAs), a modification of cellular automata in which cells update independently, following an asynchronous schedule. We introduce flip automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Ivan Baburin , Matthew Cook , Florian Grötschla , Andreas Plesner , Roger Wattenhofer

Elementary cellular automata (ECA) are one-dimensional discrete models of computation with a small memory set that have gained significant interest since the pioneer work of Stephen Wolfram, who studied them as time-discrete dynamical…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2025-08-12 Alonso Castillo-Ramirez , Maria G. Magaña-Chavez

The density classification problem is one of the simplest yet non-trivial computing tasks which seem to be ideally suitable for cellular automata (CA). Unfortunately, there exists no one-dimensional two-state CA which classifies binary…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2016-02-18 Henryk Fukś

This paper studies the number conservation property of 1-dimensional non-uniform cellular automata (CAs). In a non-uniform cellular automaton (CA), different cells may follow different rules. The present work considers that the cells follow…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-04-25 Raju Hazari , Sukanta Das

This work proposes a hierarchical clustering algorithm for high-dimensional datasets using the cyclic space of reversible finite cellular automata. In cellular automaton (CA) based clustering, if two objects belong to the same cycle, they…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Baby C. J. , Kamalika Bhattacharjee

We present a new cellular data processing scheme, a hybrid of existing cellular automata (CA) and gate array architectures, which is optimized for realization at the quantum scale. For conventional computing, the CA-like external clocking…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-31 S. C. Benjamin , N. F. Johnson

We investigate quantum cellular automata (QCA) on one-dimensional spin systems defined over a subalgebra of the full local operator algebra - the symmetric subalgebra under a finite Abelian group symmetry $G$. For systems where each site…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Ruochen Ma , Yabo Li , Meng Cheng

We have discovered a novel transition rule for binary cellular automata (CA) that yields self-replicating structures across two spatial and temporal scales from sparsely populated random initial conditions. Lower-level, shapeshifting…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2023-06-01 Bo Yang

We investigate critical properties of a class of number-conserving cellular automata (CA) which can be interpreted as deterministic models of traffic flow with anticipatory driving. These rules are among the only known CA rules for which…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2023-12-18 Henryk Fuks

We show techniques of analyzing complex dynamics of cellular automata (CA) with chaotic behaviour. CA are well known computational substrates for studying emergent collective behaviour, complexity, randomness and interaction between order…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2012-03-29 Genaro J. Martinez , Andrew Adamatzky , Ramon Alonso-Sanz

We consider the problem of exhaustively visiting all pairs of linear cellular automata which give rise to orthogonal Latin squares, i.e., linear Orthogonal Cellular Automata (OCA). The problem is equivalent to enumerating all pairs of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Enrico Formenti , Luca Mariot

We provide algebraic criteria for the unitarity of linear quantum cellular automata, i.e. one dimensional quantum cellular automata. We derive these both by direct combinatorial arguments, and by adding constraints into the model which do…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-29 Pablo Arrighi

If a cellular automaton (CA) is started with a single ON cell, how many cells will be ON after n generations? For certain "odd-rule" CAs, including Rule 150, Rule 614, and Fredkin's Replicator, the answer can be found by using the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-05 N. J. A. Sloane

While the surjectivity of the global map in two-dimensional cellular automata (2D CA) is undecidable in general, in specific cases one can often decide if the rule is surjective or not. We attempt to classify as many 2D CA as possible by…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2012-08-06 Henryk Fukś , Andrew Skelton

Let $G$ be a group and $A$ a set equipped with a collection of finitary operations. We study cellular automata $\tau : A^G \to A^G$ that preserve the operations of $A^G$ induced componentwise from the operations of $A$. We show that $\tau$…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-27 Alonso Castillo-Ramirez , O. Mata-Gutiérrez , Angel Zaldivar-Corichi