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We show how to find and efficiently maintain maximal k-edge-connected subgraphs in undirected graphs. In particular, we provide the following results. (1) A general framework for maintaining the maximal k-edge-connected subgraphs upon…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Loukas Georgiadis , Giuseppe F. Italiano , Evangelos Kosinas , Debasish Pattanayak

We show an algorithm for dynamic maintenance of connectivity information in an undirected planar graph subject to edge deletions. Our algorithm may answer connectivity queries of the form `Are vertices $u$ and $v$ connected with a path?' in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-09-26 Jakub Łącki , Piotr Sankowski

We study the dynamic connectivity problem for massive, dense graphs. Our goal is to build a system for dense graphs that simultaneously answers connectivity queries quickly, maintains a fast update throughput, and a uses a small amount of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Quinten De Man , Qamber Jafri , Daniel Delayo , Evan T. West , Michael A. Bender , David Tench

We consider the fundamental problems of determining the rooted and global edge and vertex connectivities (and computing the corresponding cuts) in directed graphs. For rooted (and hence also global) edge connectivity with small integer…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Chandra Chekuri , Kent Quanrud

Depth first search (DFS) tree is a fundamental data structure for solving various problems in graphs. It is well known that it takes $O(m+n)$ time to build a DFS tree for a given undirected graph $G=(V,E)$ on $n$ vertices and $m$ edges. We…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-02-08 Surender Baswana , Shreejit Ray Chaudhury , Keerti Choudhary , Shahbaz Khan

Dynamic Connectivity is a fundamental algorithmic graph problem, motivated by a wide range of applications to social and communication networks and used as a building block in various other algorithms, such as the bi-connectivity and the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Alexander Fedorov , Nikita Koval , Dan Alistarh

We revisit the vertex-failure connectivity oracle problem. This is one of the most basic graph data structure problems under vertex updates, yet its complexity is still not well-understood. We essentially settle the complexity of this…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Yaowei Long , Thatchaphol Saranurak

We study reachability and shortest paths problems in dynamic directed graphs. Whereas algebraic dynamic data structures supporting edge updates and reachability/distance queries have been known for quite a long time, they do not, in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Adam Karczmarz , Anish Mukherjee , Piotr Sankowski

We give a fully dynamic deterministic algorithm for maintaining a maximal matching of an $n$-vertex graph in $\tilde{O}(n^{8/9})$ amortized update time. This breaks the long-standing $\Omega(n)$-update-time barrier on dense graphs,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Aaron Bernstein , Sayan Bhattacharya , Peter Kiss , Thatchaphol Saranurak

A dynamic graph algorithm is a data structure that answers queries about a property of the current graph while supporting graph modifications such as edge insertions and deletions. Prior work has shown strong conditional lower bounds for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Monika Henzinger , Ami Paz , A. R. Sricharan

In this paper we study graph problems in dynamic streaming model, where the input is defined by a sequence of edge insertions and deletions. As many natural problems require $\Omega(n)$ space, where $n$ is the number of vertices, existing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-05-03 Zengfeng Huang , Pan Peng

Graph connectivity is a fundamental combinatorial optimization problem that arises in many practical applications, where usually a spanning subgraph of a network is used for its operation. However, in the real world, links may fail…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Dimitris Fotakis , Evangelia Gergatsouli , Charilaos Pipis , Miltiadis Stouras , Christos Tzamos

Whether a graph $G=(V,E)$ is connected is arguably its most fundamental property. Naturally, connectivity was the first characteristic studied for dynamic graphs, i.e. graphs that undergo edge insertions and deletions. While connectivity…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Simon Meierhans , Maximilian Probst Gutenberg

Connectivity related concepts are of fundamental interest in graph theory. The area has received extensive attention over four decades, but many problems remain unsolved, especially for directed graphs. A directed graph is 2-edge-connected…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-05-31 Shiri Chechik , Thomas Dueholm Hansen , Giuseppe F. Italiano , Veronika Loitzenbauer , Nikos Parotsidis

We study dynamic graph algorithms in the Massively Parallel Computation model, which was inspired by practical data processing systems. Our goal is to provide algorithms that can efficiently handle large batches of edge insertions and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Krzysztof Nowicki , Krzysztof Onak

A network provides powerful means of representing complex relationships between entities by abstracting entities as vertices, and relationships as edges connecting vertices in a graph. Beyond the presence or absence of relationships, a…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-01-15 Isuru Udayangani Hewapathirana

We revisit once more the problem of designing an oracle for answering connectivity queries in undirected graphs in the presence of vertex failures. Specifically, given an undirected graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges and an integer…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Evangelos Kosinas

During the past decades significant efforts have been made to propose data structures for answering connectivity queries on fully dynamic graphs, i.e., graphs with frequent insertions and deletions of edges. However, a comprehensive…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Qing Chen , Michael H. Böhlen , Sven Helmer

Dynamic graphs refer to graphs whose structure dynamically changes over time. Despite the benefits of learning vertex representations (i.e., embeddings) for dynamic graphs, existing works merely view a dynamic graph as a sequence of changes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Yu Yang , Hongzhi Yin , Jiannong Cao , Tong Chen , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen , Xiaofang Zhou , Lei Chen

Traditional orthogonal range problems allow queries over a static set of points, each with some value. Dynamic variants allow points to be added or removed, one at a time. To support more powerful updates, we introduce the Grid Range class…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Joshua Lau , Angus Ritossa