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We show that if (M,E,E') satisfies the first order Zermelo-Fraenkel axioms of set theory when the membership relation is E and also when the membership relation is E', and in both cases the formulas are allowed to contain both E and E',…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-07-31 Jouko Väänänen

We provide, for any regular uncountable cardinal $\kappa$, a new argument for Pincus' result on the consistency of $\mathrm{ZF}$ with the higher dependent choice principle $\mathrm{DC}_{<\kappa}$ and the ordering principle in the presence…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-10-20 Peter Holy , Jonathan Schilhan

This paper examines the completion of an w-ordered sequence of recursive definitions which on the one hand defines an increasing sequence of nested set and on the other redefines successively a numeric variable as the cardinal of the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2012-01-30 Antonio Leon

If we assume the axiom of choice, then every two cardinal numbers are comparable. In the absence of the axiom of choice, this is no longer so. For a few cardinalities related to an arbitrary infinite set, we will give all the possible…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Lorenz Halbeisen , Saharon Shelah

The purpose of this paper is to provide an introductory overview of the large cardinal hierarchy in set theory. By a large cardinal, we mean any cardinal $\kappa$ whose existence is strong enough of an assumption to prove the consistency of…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-05-05 Rohan Srivastava

A usual dichotomy is that in many cases, reasonably definable sets, satisfy the CH, i.e. if they are uncountable they have cardinality continuum. A strong dichotomy is when: if the cardinality is infinite it is continuum as in [Sh:273]. We…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-09-07 Saharon Shelah

G\"odel proved in the 1930s in his famous Incompleteness Theorems that not all statements in mathematics can be proven or disproven from the accepted ZFC axioms. A few years later he showed the celebrated result that Cantor's Continuum…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-12-13 Sandra Müller , Grigor Sargsyan

Miller's 1937 splitting theorem was proved for pairs of cardinals $(\n,\rho)$ in which $n$ is finite and $\rho$ is infinite. An extension of Miller's theorem is proved here in ZFC for pairs of cardinals $(\nu,\rho)$ in which $\nu$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-05-17 Menachem Kojman

While many inner model theoretic combinatorial principles are incompatible with large cardinal axioms, on some rare occasions, large cardinals actually imply that the structure of the universe of sets is analogous to the canonical inner…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-02-19 Gabriel Goldberg

Inspired by Zermelo's quasi-categoricity result characterizing the models of second-order Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory $\text{ZFC}_2$, we investigate when those models are fully categorical, characterized by the addition to $\text{ZFC}_2$…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-03-25 Joel David Hamkins , Hans Robin Solberg

We begin with a context more general than set theory. The basic ingredients are essentially the object and functor primitives of category theory, and the logic is weak, requiring neither the Law of Excluded Middle nor quantification. Inside…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-06-05 Frank Quinn

Within the framework of Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory without the Axiom of Choice, we establish equivalents to the assertion "the union of a countable collection of finite sets is countable" in the context of metric spaces, probability…

Logic · Mathematics 2023-08-24 Ilijas Farah , Jeffrey Marshall-Milne

Treating a conjecture, P^#P != NP, on the separation of complexity classes as an axiom, an implication is found in three manifold topology with little obvious connection to complexity theory. This is reminiscent of Harvey Friedman's work on…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-06-17 M. Freedman

Higher order set theory has been a topic of interest for some time, with recent efforts focused on the strength of second order set theories [KW16]. In this paper we strive to present one 'theory of collections' that allows for a formal…

Logic · Mathematics 2022-06-24 Alec Rhea

Although the categorical arithmetic is not effectively axiomatizable, the belief that the incompleteness Theorems can be apply to it is fairly common. Furthermore, the so-called "essential" (or "inherent") semantic incompleteness of the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2016-02-11 Giuseppe Raguní

We introduce exacting cardinals and a strengthening of these, ultraexacting cardinals. These are natural large cardinals defined equivalently as weak forms of rank-Berkeley cardinals, strong forms of J\'onsson cardinals, or in terms of…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-09-17 Juan P. Aguilera , Joan Bagaria , Philipp Lücke

We introduce a general theory of functions called Flow. We prove ZF, non-well founded ZF and ZFC can be immersed within Flow as a natural consequence from our framework. The existence of strongly inaccessible cardinals is entailed from our…

Many kinds of categorical structure require the existence of finite limits, of colimits of some specified type, and of "exactness" conditions between the finite limits and the specified colimits. Some examples are the notions of regular, or…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2012-02-20 Richard Garner , Stephen Lack

Choice and independence of premise principles play an important role in characterizing Kreisel's modified realizability and G\"odel's Dialectica interpretation. In this paper we show that a great many intuitionistic set theories are closed…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-12-02 Emanuele Frittaion , Takako Nemoto , Michael Rathjen

The Axiom of Plenitude asserts that every ordinal is equinumerous with a set of urelements, while its stronger form, Plenitude$^+$, extends it to all sets. We investigate these two axioms within ZF set theory with urelements. Assuming that…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-12-09 Bokai Yao