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Tiered trees were introduced as a combinatorial object for counting absolutely indecomposable representation of certain quivers and torus orbit of certain homogeneous variety. In this paper, we define a bijection between the set of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-07 Biswadeep Bagchi , Srinibas Swain

Given a positive-integer-valued vector $u=(u_1, \dots, u_m)$ with $u_1<\cdots<u_m$. A $u$-parking function of length $m$ is a sequence $\pi=(\pi_1, \dots, \pi_m)$ of positive integers whose non-decreasing rearrangement $(\lambda_1, \dots,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-12-08 Mei Yin

In the classical parking problem, unit intervals ("car lengths") are placed uniformly at random without overlapping. The process terminates at saturation, i.e. until no more unit intervals can be stowed. In this paper, we present a…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-28 Pavel B. Dubovski , Michael Tamarov

Stanley's theory of $(P,\omega)$-partitions is a standard tool in combinatorics. It can be extended to allow for the presence of a restriction, that is a given maximal value for partitions at each vertex of the poset, as was shown by Assaf…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-17 Philippe Nadeau , Vasu Tewari

This paper provides an exploration of parking functions, a classical combinatorial object. We present two viewpoints on their structure and properties: through poset of noncrossing partitions and polytopes.

History and Overview · Mathematics 2024-12-17 Yan Liu

Classical parking functions are a generalization of permutations that appear in many combinatorial structures. Prime parking functions are indecomposable components such that any classical parking function can be uniquely described as a…

Consider $n$ cars $C_1, C_2, \ldots, C_n$ that want to park in a parking lot with parking spaces $1,2,\ldots,n$ that appear in order. Each car $C_i$ has a parking preference $\alpha_i \in \{1,2,\ldots,n\}$. The cars appear in order, if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-29 Melanie Tian , Enrique Treviño

We find an explicit $S_n$-equivariant bijection between the integral points in a certain zonotope in $\mathbb{R}^n$, combinatorially equivalent to the permutahedron, and the set of $m$-parking functions of length $n$. This bijection…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-19 Valery Lunts , Špela Špenko , Michel Van den Bergh

Armstrong, Reiner, and Rhoades defined for all Weyl groups $W$ a natural representation of $W$ called the $W$-parking space. The type $B$ parking space is the representation $\mathbb{C}[(\mathbb{Z}/(2n+1)\mathbb{Z})^n]$ of the $n$th signed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-27 Anthony Adams , Joshua Dorsam , Lily Levitsky , Megan Mann

We introduce a generalization of parking functions called $t$-metered $(m,n)$-parking functions, in which one of $m$ cars parks among $n$ spots per hour then leaves after $t$ hours. We characterize and enumerate these sequences for $t=1$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Spencer Daugherty , Pamela E. Harris , Ian Klein , Matt McClinton

We extend the notion of parking function polytopes and study their geometric and combinatorial structure, including normal fans, face posets, and $h$-polynomials, as well as their connections to other classes of polytopes. To capture their…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-17 Fu Liu , Warut Thawinrak

For any irreducible real reflection group $W$ with Coxeter number $h$, Armstrong, Reiner, and the author introduced a pair of $W \times \ZZ_h$-modules which deserve to be called {\sf $W$-parking spaces} which generalize the type A notion of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-20 Brendon Rhoades

We study the representation theory of three towers of algebras which are related to the symmetric groups and their Hecke algebras. The first one is constructed as the algebras generated simultaneously by the elementary transpositions and…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Florent Hivert , Nicolas M. Thiéry

A representation theorem for non-semibounded Hermitian quadratic forms in terms of a (non-semibounded) self-adjoint operator is proven. The main assumptions are closability of the Hermitian quadratic form, the direct integral structure of…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2022-07-11 Alberto Ibort , José G. Llavona , Fernando Lledó , Juan Manuel Pérez-Pardo

Consider the vector space $\mathbb{K}\mathcal{P}$ spanned by parking functions. By representing parking functions as labeled digraphs, Hivert, Novelli and Thibon constructed a cocommutative Hopf algebra PQSym$^{*}$ on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-08 Teresa Xueshan Li

A parking function is a function $\pi:[n]\to [n]$ whose $i$th-smallest output is at most $i,$ corresponding to a parking procedure for $n$ cars on a one-way street. We refine this concept by introducing preference-restricted parking…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-17 Jasper Bown , Peter Kagey , Alan Kappler , Michael E. Orrison , Jayden Thadani

Umbral theory, formulated in its modern version by S. Roman and G.~C. Rota, has been reconsidered in more recent times by G. Dattoli and collaborators with the aim of devising a working computational tool in the framework of special…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Roberto Ricci

In this paper, we mainly study two notions of pattern avoidance in parking functions. First, for any collection of length 3 patterns, we compute the number of parking functions of size $n$ that avoid them under the first notion. This is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-23 Jun Yan

A parking function is a sequence $(a_1,\dots, a_n)$ of positive integers such that if $b_1\leq\cdots\leq b_n$ is the increasing rearrangement of $a_1,\dots,a_n$, then $b_i\leq i$ for $1\leq i\leq n$. In this paper we obtain some new results…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-16 Richard P. Stanley , Mei Yin

We apply the concept of parking functions to rooted labelled trees and functional digraphs of mappings (i.e., functions $f : [n] \to [n]$) by considering the nodes as parking spaces and the directed edges as one-way streets: Each driver has…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-04-21 Marie-Louise Bruner , Alois Panholzer