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Estimating the causal effect of a treatment or health policy with observational data can be challenging due to an imbalance of and a lack of overlap between treated and control covariate distributions. In the presence of limited overlap,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-24 Martha Barnard , Jared D. Huling , Julian Wolfson

Biological systems, from a cell to the human brain, are inherently complex. A powerful representation of such systems, described by an intricate web of relationships across multiple scales, is provided by complex networks. Recently, several…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-02-06 M. De Domenico

Individual contributions to the spread of an epidemic vary widely due to an individual's location in a social network and their intrinsic ability to spread or contract diseases. While the effect of heterogeneous population structure and…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-14 Abhay Gupta , Nicholas W. Landry

We investigate how individuals form expectations about population behavior using statistical inference based on observations of their social relations. Misperceptions about others' connectedness and behavior arise from sampling bias…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-05-27 Andreas Bjerre-Nielsen , Martin Benedikt Busch

The mutual influence of dynamics and structure is a central issue in complex systems. In this paper we study by simulation slow evolution of network under the feedback of a local-majority-rule opinion process. If performance-enhancing local…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Zhen Shao , Haijun Zhou

In this paper, we focus on the influence of heterogeneity and stochasticity of the population on the dynamical structure of a basic susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) model. First we prove that, upon a suitable mathematical…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2017-02-28 Andreas Widder , Christian Kuehn

The standard assumptions that underlie many conceptual and quantitative frameworks do not hold for many complex physical, biological, and social systems. Complex systems science clarifies when and why such assumptions fail and provides…

Physics and Society · Physics 2020-11-11 Alexander F. Siegenfeld , Yaneer Bar-Yam

Products manufactured from the same batch or utilized in the same region often exhibit correlated lifetime observations due to the latent heterogeneity caused by the influence of shared but unobserved covariates. The unavailable…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-15 Xuxue Sun , Mingyang Li

Complex contagions describe systems where the probability or rate of contagious transmission is a nonlinear function of the exposure to contagious agents. These models were first studied theoretically but have since been used to capture…

Many complex systems are characterized by broad distributions capturing, for example, the size of firms, the population of cities or the degree distribution of complex networks. Typically this feature is explained by means of a preferential…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-02-29 Przemyslaw A. Grabowicz , Victor M. Eguiluz

When epidemiologic studies are conducted in a subset of the population, selection bias can threaten the validity of causal inference. This bias can occur whether or not that selected population is the target population, and can occur even…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-07 Louisa H. Smith , Tyler J. VanderWeele

We characterize the statistical bootstrap for the estimation of information-theoretic quantities from data, with particular reference to its use in the study of large-scale social phenomena. Our methods allow one to preserve, approximately,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-06-06 Simon DeDeo , Robert X. D. Hawkins , Sara Klingenstein , Tim Hitchcock

The ability of groups to make accurate collective decisions depends on a complex interplay of various factors, such as prior information, biases, social influence, and the structure of the interaction network. Here, we investigate a spin…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-03-20 Yunus Sevinchan , Petro Sarkanych , Abi Tenenbaum , Yurij Holovatch , Pawel Romanczuk

This paper introduces a novel decomposition framework to explain heterogeneity in causal effects observed across different studies, considering both observational and randomized settings. We present a formal decomposition of between-study…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-18 Brian Gilbert , Ivan Dıaz , Kara E. Rudolph , Nicholas Williams , Tat-Thang Vo

We study how information transmission biases arise by the interplay between the structural properties of the network and the dynamics of the information in synthetic scale-free homophilic/heterophilic networks. We provide simple…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-03-21 Fernando Diaz-Diaz , Maxi San Miguel , Sandro Meloni

Community detection is key to understand the structure of complex networks. However, the lack of appropriate evaluation strategies for this specific task may produce biased and incorrect results that might invalidate further analyses or…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Jeancarlo Campos Leão , Alberto H. F. Laender , Pedro O. S. Vaz de Melo

Mathematical models are increasing adopted for setting targets for disease prevention and control. As model-informed policies are implemented, however, the inaccuracies of some forecasts become apparent, for example overprediction of…

In the field of disparities research, there has been growing interest in developing a counterfactual-based decomposition analysis to identify underlying mediating mechanisms that help reduce disparities in populations. Despite rapid…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-27 Soojin Park , Chioun Lee , Xu Qin

Ideas, behaviors, and opinions spread through social networks. If the probability of spreading to a new individual is a non-linear function of the fraction of the individuals' affected neighbors, such a spreading process becomes a "complex…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-08-30 Julian Kates-Harbeck , Michael M. Desai

Survival regression is widely used to model time-to-events data, to explore how covariates may influence the occurrence of events. Modern datasets often encompass a vast number of covariates across many subjects, with only a subset of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-09-18 Abhishek Mandal , Abhisek Chakraborty