Related papers: Electric Charge Quantization in Standard Model
In a minimal extension of the Standard Model, in which new neutral fermions have been introduced, we show that the requirement of vanishing anomalies fixes the hypercharges of all fermions uniquely. This naturally leads to electric charge…
In gauge theories like the standard model, the electric charges of the fermions can be heavily constrained from the classical structure of the theory and from the cancellation of anomalies. We argue that the anomaly conditions are not quite…
The quantization of the electrical charge in the electrodynamics and of the hypercharge in the standard model are imposed in the theory based not on theoretical arguments but on the experimental observations. In this paper we propose a…
In models with flat extra dimensions tiny Dirac neutrino masses can be generated via the coupling of four dimensional Standard Model fields to a higher dimensional fermion. Here we argue that, in spite of the Dirac nature of the neutrino,…
Basing on the general photon eigenstate and anomaly cancellation, it is shown that the electric charge quantization in SU(3)_c X SU(3)_L X U(1)_X model with exotic particles can be obtained independently on parameters alpha and betta. The…
Experimentally it has been known for a long time that the electric charges of the observed particles appear to be quantized. An approach to understanding electric charge quantization that can be used for gauge theories with explicit $U(1)$…
In gauge theories like the standard model, the electric charges of the fermions can be heavily constrained from the classical structure of the theory and from the cancellation of anomalies. There is however mounting evidence suggesting that…
The extensions of the Standard Model based on the $SU(3)_{C} \otimes SU(3)_{L} \otimes U(1)_{X}$ gauge group are known as 331 Models. Different properties such as the fermion assignment and the electric charges of the exotic spectrum, that…
In the context of the standard model the quantization of the electric charge occurs only family by family. When we consider the three families together with massless neutrinos the electric charge is not quantized any more. Here we show that…
We obtain electric charge quantization in the context of models based on the gauge symmetry group SU(3) X SU(4) X U(1). The gauge models studied include three families to cancel out anomalies and a set of scalar fields to break…
Within the context of the Standard Model, quarks are placed in a $(\mathbf{3},\mathbf{2})\oplus (\mathbf{3},\bar{\mathbf{2}})$ matter field representation of $U_{EW}(2)$. Although the quarks carry unit intrinsic electric charge in this…
We present a new model based on the SU(3)xSU(2)xU(1) symmetry, in which there is a new consistent set of chiral fermion fields that renders the model free from anomalies. The new fermions do not share the usual family structure of the…
Electric charge, as defined in the Thomson limit of the electron--photon interaction vertex, is renormalized to all orders both in the Standard Model and in any spontaneously broken gauge theory with gauge group GxU(1) with a group factor…
The uniqueness of the hypercharge assignments in the three fermion families leptoquark-bilepton $SU(3)_C \times SU(4)_L \times U(1)_N$ model is established. Although the gauge group contains an explicit U(1) factor, freedom from triangle…
We explore to what extent the various assumptions behind the standard model as well as the observed quantization of electric charges of quarks and leptons can be understood using the Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomalies. The effect of including a…
Basing on the general photon eigenstate and the anomaly cancelation, we have naturally explained the electric charge quantization in two models based on the SU(3)_C X SU(3)_L X U(1)_X gauge group, namely in the minimal model and in the…
We propose an extension of the standard model where quarks are viewed as fermions with a ``bare'' integer (weak) hypercharge which is normalized with a fractional part created by a quantized topological Chern-Simons configuration of the…
We first review the three known chiral anomalies in four dimensions and then use the anomaly free conditions to study the uniqueness of quark and lepton representations and charge quantizations in the standard model. We also extend our…
In this work, we present an explanation of the electric charge quantization based on a semi-classical model of electrostatic fields. We claim that in electrostatics, an electric charge must be equal to a rational multiple of the elementary…
We examine extensions of the Standard Model (SM), basing our assumptions on what has already been observed; we don't consider anything fundamentally different, such as grand unification or supersymmetry, which is not directly suggested by…