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Incorrect placement of methods within classes is a typical code smell called Feature Envy, which causes additional maintenance and cost during evolution. To remove this design flaw, several Move Method refactoring tools have been proposed.…

We propose and study a multi-scale approach to vector quantization. We develop an algorithm, dubbed reconstruction trees, inspired by decision trees. Here the objective is parsimonious reconstruction of unsupervised data, rather than…

Single inheritance has been widely accepted in the current programming practice to avoid the complication that incurred by multiple inheritance. Single inheritance enhances the reusability of codes and eliminates the confusion of identical…

Code quality is and will be a crucial factor while developing new software code, requiring appropriate tools to ensure functional and reliable code. Machine learning techniques are still rarely used for software engineering tools, missing…

Code summarization (CS) is becoming a promising area in recent language understanding, which aims to generate sensible human language automatically for programming language in the format of source code, serving in the most convenience of…

We introduce a novel approach for inferring natural preconditions from code. Our technique produces preconditions of high quality in terms of both correctness (modulo a test generator) and naturalness. Prior works generate preconditions…

Many software analysis methods have come to rely on machine learning approaches. Code segmentation - the process of decomposing source code into meaningful blocks - can augment these methods by featurizing code, reducing noise, and limiting…

This paper describes an `obfuscating' C compiler for encrypted computing. The context consists of (i) a processor that `works encrypted', taking in encrypted inputs and producing encrypted outputs while the data remains in encrypted form…

Static program slicing is a fundamental software engineering technique for isolating code relevant to specific variables. While recent learning-based approaches using language models (LMs) show promise in automating slice prediction, they…

We present a novel verification technique to prove interesting properties of a class of array programs with a symbolic parameter N denoting the size of arrays. The technique relies on constructing two slightly different versions of the same…

Grammar convergence is a method that helps discovering relationships between different grammars of the same language or different language versions. The key element of the method is the operational, transformation-based representation of…

Obfuscation of computer programs has historically been approached either as a practical but \textit{ad hoc} craft to make reverse engineering subjectively difficult, or as a sound theoretical investigation unfortunately detached from the…

Source code is rarely written in isolation. It depends significantly on the programmatic context, such as the class that the code would reside in. To study this phenomenon, we introduce the task of generating class member functions given…

Widely used complex code refactoring tools lack a solid reasoning about the correctness of the transformations they implement, whilst interest in proven correct refactoring is ever increasing as only formal verification can provide true…

Refactorings are structured changes to existing software that leave its externally observable behaviour unchanged. Their intent is to improve readability, performance or other non-behavioural properties. State-of-the-art automatic…

Object-oriented programs tend to be written using many common coding idioms, such as those captured by design patterns. While design patterns are useful, implementing them is often tedious and repetitive, requiring boilerplate code that…

Java implementations of algorithms used by spreadsheets to automatically recompute the set of cells dependent on a changed cell are described using a mathematical model for spreadsheets based on graph theory. These solutions comprise part…

Malware authors often use cryptographic tools such as XOR encryption and block ciphers like AES to obfuscate part of the malware to evade detection. Use of cryptography may give the impression that these obfuscation techniques have some…

We tackle the task of automatically generating a function name from source code. Existing generators face difficulties in generating low-frequency or out-of-vocabulary subwords. In this paper, we propose two strategies for copying…

Binary analysis is traditionally used in the realm of malware detection. However, the same technique may be employed by an attacker to analyze the original binaries in order to reverse engineer them and extract exploitable weaknesses. When…