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Electromagnetic signals are always composed of photons, though in the circuit domain those signals are carried as voltages and currents on wires, and the discreteness of the photon's energy is usually not evident. However, by coupling a…

During the past century, the electromagnetic field momentum in material media has been under debate in the Abraham-Minkowski controversy as convincing arguments have been advanced in favor of both the Abraham and Minkowski forms of photon…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-17 Mikko Partanen , Teppo Häyrynen , Jani Oksanen , Jukka Tulkki

The method of flow equations is applied to QED on the light front. Requiring that the particle number conserving terms in the Hamiltonian are considered to be diagonal and the other terms off-diagonal an effective Hamiltonian is obtained…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Elena Gubankova

The question is discussed whether the momentum of a photon has a quantum uncertainty or whether it is a classical quantity. The latter assumption is the main characteristic of reducible Quantum Electrodynamics (rQED). Recent experiments in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-31 Jan Naudts

This paper is devoted to the theory of quantum electromagnetic field in an optically dense medium. Self-consistent equations describing interaction between a quantum field and a quantum dielectric medium are obtained from the first…

Optics · Physics 2015-01-29 M. D. Tokman , M. A. Erukhimova , V. V. Vdovin

A single atom in a cavity is the model system of cavity quantum electrodynamics (CQED). The strong coupling regime between the atom and cavity-confined photon corresponds to the reversible exchange of energy between the two modes, and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 D. Sanvitto , F. P. Laussy , F. Bello , D. M. Whittaker , A. M. Fox , M. S. Skolnick , A. Tahraoui , P. W. Fry , M. Hopkinson

Wave-particle duality, intertwining two inherently contradictory properties of quantum systems, remains one of the most conceptually profound aspects of quantum mechanics. By using the concept of energy capacity, the ability of a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Yan-Han Yang , Xin-Zhu Liu , Jun-Li Jiang , Hu Chen , Xue Yang , Xiao-Feng Qian , Shao-Ming Fei , Ming-Xing Luo

This study introduces the quantum force wave equation (QFWE) as a general theory of quantum forces, a novel framework that redefines quantum forces as emergent phenomena arising from the interaction between quantum particles and curved…

General Physics · Physics 2025-07-11 Raheem Adom

The two opposite concepts - multiphoton and effective photon - readily describing the photoelectric effect under strong irradiation in the case that the energy of the incident light is essentially smaller than the ionisation potential of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Volodymyr Krasnoholovets

The Feynman path integral for nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics is studied mathematically of a standard model in physics, where the electromagnetic potential is assumed to be periodic with respect to a large box and quantized thorough…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2008-09-25 Wataru Ichinose

Quantum nanophotonics has become a new research frontier where quantum optics is combined with nanophotonics in order to enhance and control the interaction between strongly confined light and quantum emitters. Such progress provides a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-12-03 Peter Lodahl , Søren Stobbe

Enhancing optical nonlinearities so that they become appreciable on the single photon level and lead to nonclassical light fields has been a central objective in quantum optics for many years. After this has been achieved in individual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-20 Michael J. Hartmann

In this paper we explain the photoelectric effect in a variant of the standard model of non relativistic quantum electrodynamics, which is in some aspects more closely related to the physical picture, than the one studied in [BKZ]: Now we…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2008-11-26 Heribert Zenk

Since particle such as molecule, atom and nucleus are composite particle, it is important to recognize that physics must be invariant for both the composite particle and its constituent particles, this requirement is called particle…

General Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 H. Y. Cui

We developed a model for the pion light-front wave function (LFWF) that incorporates valence, sea and gluon degrees of freedom. Using the LFWF overlap representation, we derived parametrizations for the pion parton distribution functions…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-07-21 Simone Venturini , Barbara Pasquini , Simone Rodini

We present for the first time the nonlinear dynamics of quantum electrodynamic (QED) photon splitting in a strongly magnetized electron-positron (pair) plasma. By using a QED corrected Maxwell equation, we derive a set of equations that…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 G. Brodin , M. Marklund , B. Eliasson , P. K. Shukla

The gauge invariant formulation of Maxwell's equations and the electromagnetic duality transformations are given in the light-front (LF) variables. The novel formulation of the LF canonical quantization, which is based on the kinematic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Jerzy A. Przeszowski

Feynman's laws of quantum dynamics are concisely stated, discussed in comparison with other formulations of quantum mechanics and applied to selected problems in the physical optics of photons and massive particles as well as flavour…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-05-12 J. H. Field

Periodically-driven quantum systems can exhibit a plethora of intriguing non-equilibrium phenomena that can be analyzed using Floquet theory. Naturally, Floquet theory is employed to describe the dynamics of atoms interacting with intense…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-02 Georg Engelhardt , Sayan Choudhury , W. Vincent Liu

We present results of a photon-free exchange-correlation functional within the local density approximation (pxcLDA) for quantum electrodynamics density functional theory (QEDFT) that efficiently describes the electron density of…