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Time-irreversibility is a distinctive feature of non-equilibrium dynamics and several measures of irreversibility have been introduced to assess the distance from thermal equilibrium of a stochastically driven system. While the dynamical…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-14 Grzegorz Gradziuk , Gabriel Torregrosa , Chase P. Broedersz

The Jarzynski equality relates the free energy difference between two equilibrium states to the fluctuating irreversible work afforded to switch between them. The prescribed fixed temperature for the equilibrium states implicitly constrains…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-09-03 Tobias Thalheim , Marco Braun , Gianmaria Falasco , Klaus Kroy , Frank Cichos

The dynamics of systems subjected to noise is called Markovian in the absence of memory effects, i.e. when its immediate future only depends on its present. Time correlations in the noise source may generate non-Markovian effects that,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-22 Nadja K. Bernardes , Andre R. R. Carvalho , C. H. Monken , Marcelo F. Santos

We discuss the statistics of additive thermal (internal) noise in systems governed by the generalized Langevin equation with linear dissipation. To assess the equation's validity, it is common to assume that the system is ergodic and to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-18 Alex V. Plyukhin

Application of Jarzynski nonequilibrium work relation to free energy calculation is limited by the very slow convergence of the estimate when dissipation is high. We present a novel perturbation protocol able to improve the convergence of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-01-03 Ognjen Perisic , Hui Lu

We prove the Jarzynski relation for general stochastic processes including non-Markovian systems with memory. The only requirement for our proof is the existence of a stationary state, therefore excluding non-ergodic systems. We then show…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-09-27 Thomas Speck , Udo Seifert

The Jarzynski equality allows the calculation of free-energy differences using values of work measured from nonequilibrium trajectories. The number of trajectories required to accurately estimate free-energy differences in this way grows…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-05-13 Stephen Whitelam

For classical systems driven out of equilibrium, Crooks derived a relation (the Crooks-Jarzynski relation), whose special cases include a relation (the Crooks relation) equivalent to the Kawasaki non-linear response relation. We derive a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-05-26 Hiroshi Matsuoka

Estimating free-energy differences using nonequilibrium work relations, such as the Jarzynski equality, is hindered by poor convergence when work fluctuations are large. For systems governed by overdamped Langevin dynamics, we propose the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-08-14 Stephen Whitelam

The presence of multiplicative noise can alter measurements of forces acting on nanoscopic objects. Taking into account of multiplicative noise, we derive a series of non-equilibrium thermodynamical equalities as generalization of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-18 Ying Tang , Ruoshi Yuan , Ping Ao

The Jarzynski equality (JE) is known as an exact identity for nonequillibrium systems. The JE was originally formulated for isolated and isothermal systems, while Adib reported an JE extended to an isoenergetic process. In this paper, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-27 Hitoshi Katsuda , Masayuki Ohzeki

The Jarzynski relation is a recently discovered result relating the average exponential of the work done under nonequilibrium conditions to an equilibrium free energy difference. We illustrate this remarkable relation by considering the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rhonald C. Lua

The transition between a regime in which thermodynamic relations apply only to ensembles of small systems coupled to a large environment and a regime in which they can be used to characterize individual macroscopic systems is analyzed in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-30 Alberto Suárez , Robert Silbey , Irwin Oppenheim

One particle in a classical perfect gas is driven out of equilibrium by changing its mass over a short time interval. The work done on the driven particle depends on its collisions with the other particles in the gas. This model thus…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-04-22 T. G. Philbin , J. Anders

We study a Jarzysnki type equality for work in systems that are monitored using non-projective unsharp measurements. The information acquired by the observer from the outcome $f$ of an energy measurement, and the subsequent conditioned…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Daniel Alonso , Antonia Ruiz García

The Jarzynski Equality is a well-known and widely used identity, relating the free energy difference between two states of a system to the work done over some arbitrary, nonequilibrium transformation between the two states. Despite being…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-12-18 Stuart J. Davie , Owen G. Jepps , Lamberto Rondoni , James C. Reid , Debra J. Searles

The classical Jarzynski equality establishes an exact relation between the stochastic work performed on a system driven out of thermal equilibrium and the free energy difference in a corresponding quasi-static process. This fluctuation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-21 Konstantin Beyer , Walter T. Strunz

The Jarzynski equality is generalized to situations in which nonequilibrium systems are subject to a feedback control. The new terms that arise as a consequence of the feedback describe the mutual information content obtained by measurement…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-13 Takahiro Sagawa , Masahito Ueda

The interest in active matter stimulates the need to generalize thermodynamic description and relations to active matter systems, which are intrinsically out of equilibrium. One important example is the Jarzynski relation, which links the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-05-31 Grzegorz Szamel

The Jarzynski Equality relates the free energy difference between two equilibrium states of a system to the average of the work over all irreversible paths to go from one state to the other. We claim that the derivation of this equality is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 E. G. D. Cohen , David Mauzerall
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