Related papers: Atmospheric refractivity effects on mid-infrared E…
This paper presents a study of the atmospheric refraction and its effect on the light coupling efficiency in an instrument using single-mode optical fibers. We show the analytical approach which allowed us to assess the need to correct the…
The Earth's atmosphere affects ground-based astronomical observations. Scattering, absorption, and radiation processes deteriorate the signal-to-noise ratio of the data received. For scheduling astronomical observations it is, therefore,…
Observations with ground-based telescopes are affected by differential atmospheric dispersion when seen at a zenith angle different from zero, a consequence of the wavelength-dependent index of refraction of the atmosphere. One of the…
In ground based astronomical observations, atmospheric dispersion shifts the image of the object at different wavelengths due to the wavelength-dependent index of refraction of the atmosphere. Thus, using an Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector…
Differential atmospheric dispersion is a wavelength-dependent effect introduced by Earth's atmosphere that affects astronomical observations performed using ground-based telescopes. It is important, when observing at a zenithal angle…
Extreme adaptive optics systems are now in operation across the globe. These systems, capable of high order wavefront correction, deliver Strehl ratios of 90% in the near-infrared. Originally intended for the direct imaging of exoplanets,…
On certain extent the behavior of the Adaptive Optics correction for Extremely Large Telescope scales with diameter size. But in Ground Layer Adaptive Optics the combined effect of a Large Field of View and the large overlap of Guide Stars…
Lenses are typically based on refractive index profiles derived from the geometric approximation of high-frequency waves, yet the critical issue of impedance mismatch is often neglected. Mismatched devices suffer from unwanted reflections…
The performance of tomographic adaptive optics systems is intrinsically linked to the vertical profile of optical turbulence. Firstly, a sufficient number of discrete turbulent layers must be reconstructed to model the true continuous…
Atmospheric dispersion causes light from celestial objects with different wavelengths to refract at varying angles as it passes through Earth's atmosphere. This effect results in an elongated image at the focal plane of a telescope and…
The Large Binocular Telescope Interferometer uses a near-infrared camera to measure the optical path length variations between the two AO-corrected apertures and provide high-angular resolution observations for all its science channels…
The success of any ALMA phase-calibration strategy, which incorporates phase transfer, depends on a good understanding of how the atmospheric path delay changes with frequency (e.g. Holdaway & Pardo 2001). We explore how the wet dispersive…
We performed wave-optics-based numerical simulations at mid-infrared wavelengths to investigate how the presence or absence of entrance slits and optical aberrations affect the spectral resolving power $R$ of a compact,…
Spatial phase-referencing in dual-field optical interferometry is reconsidered. Our analysis is based on the 2-sample variance of the differential phase between target and reference star. We show that averaging over time of the atmospheric…
In this tutorial we summarize the physics and mathematics behind refractive electromagnetic wave bending and delay. Refractive bending and delay through the Earth's atmosphere at both radio/millimetric and optical/IR wavelengths are…
The Mid-infrared ELT Imager and Spectrograph (METIS) will provide the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) with a unique window to the thermal- and mid-infrared (3 - 13 microns). Its single-conjugate adaptive optics (SCAO) system will enable…
Seeing-limited resolution in large telescopes working over wide wavelength range depends substantially on the turbulence outer scale and cannot be adequately described by one "seeing" value. We attempt to clarify frequent confusions on this…
High-accuracy dimensional measurements by laser interferometers require corrections because of diffraction, which makes the effective fringe-period different from the wavelength of a plane (or spherical) wave $\lambda_0$. By using a…
Atmospheric regions below a refractive boundary are hidden in limb observations. Refraction thus creates a gray continuum in the planet's transmission spectrum which can hide spectral features associated with sources of atmospheric opacity.…
Monitoring the evolution of the anthropogenic light emissions is a priority task in light pollution research. Among the complementary approaches that can be adopted to achieve this goal stand out those based on measuring the direct radiance…