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Many particle physics models of matter admit solutions corresponding to stable or long-lived topological defects. In the context of standard cosmology it is then unavoidable that such defects will form during phase transitions in the very…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 Robert H. Brandenberger

We study three prominent diagnostics of chaos and scrambling in the context of two-dimensional conformal field theory: the spectral form factor, out-of-time-ordered correlators, and unitary operator entanglement. With the observation that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-06-19 Jonah Kudler-Flam , Laimei Nie , Shinsei Ryu

We study the formation of topological defects in nonequilibrium phase transitions of both classical and quantum field theory. We examine three model systems. 1). The phase transition of a quantum scalar field in a FRW universe is analyzed…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 G. J. Stephens

We explore higher-dimensional conformal field theories (CFTs) in the presence of a conformal defect that itself hosts another sub-dimensional defect. We refer to this new kind of conformal defect as the composite defect. We elaborate on the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-04-26 Soichiro Shimamori

We compare some recent computations of the entanglement of formation in quantum information theory and of the entropy of a subalgebra in quantum ergodic theory. Both notions require optimization over decompositions of quantum states. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 F. Benatti , H. Narnhofer , A. Uhlmann

Defects are a useful tool in the study of quantum field theories. This is illustrated in the example of two-dimensional conformal field theories. We describe how defect lines and their junction points appear in the description of symmetries…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-08-23 Jürg Fröhlich , Jürgen Fuchs , Ingo Runkel , Christoph Schweigert

This work reports an extensive study of three-dimensional topological ordered phases that, in one of the directions behave like usual topological order concerning mobility of excitations, but in the perpendicular plane manifest type-II…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-12-12 Heitor Casasola , Guilherme Delfino , Yizhi You , Paula F. Bienzobaz , Pedro R. S. Gomes

In these lectures, I describe the formation of defect distributions in first-order phase transitions, then briefly discuss the relevance of defect interactions after a phase transition and the observational signatures of cosmic strings.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Tanmay Vachaspati

Topology is a fundamental aspect of quantum physics, and it has led to key breakthroughs and results in various fields of quantum materials. In condensed matters, this has culminated in the recent discovery of symmetry-protected topological…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-10-24 Baokai Wang , Yi-Chun Hung , Xiaoting Zhou , Tzen Ong , Hsin Lin

Structure formation with topological defects is described. The main differences from inflationary models are highlighted. The results are compared with recent observations. It is concluded that all the defect models studied so far are in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ruth Durrer

Algebraic quantum field theory is considered from the perspective of the Hochschild cohomology bicomplex. This is a framework for studying deformations and symmetries. Deformation is a possible approach to the fundamental challenge of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-12-19 Eli Hawkins

We report a clear evidence of atomic fractals in the nonlinear motion of a two-level atom in a standing-wave microcavity. Fractal-like structures, typical for chaotic scattering, are numerically found in the dependencies of outgoing…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. V. Prants , V. Yu. Argonov

We review what is known about fracton phases of quantum matter. Fracton phases are characterized by excitations that exhibit restricted mobility, being either immobile under local Hamiltonian dynamics, or mobile only in certain directions.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-03-19 Rahul M. Nandkishore , Michael Hermele

We consider quantum phase transitions with global symmetry breakings that result in the formation of topological defects. We evaluate the number densities of kinks, vortices, and monopoles that are produced in $d=1,2,3$ spatial dimensions…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-12-04 Mainak Mukhopadhyay , Tanmay Vachaspati , George Zahariade

Defects are ubiquitous in nature, for example dislocations, shocks, bores, or impurities of various kinds, and their descriptions are an important part of any physical theory. However, one might ask the question: what types of defect are…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-28 E. Corrigan

Gapped fracton phases of matter generalize the concept of topological order and broaden our fundamental understanding of entanglement in quantum many-body systems. However, their analytical or numerical description beyond exactly solvable…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-05-30 Guo-Yi Zhu , Ji-Yao Chen , Peng Ye , Simon Trebst

Fractals are ubiquitous in nature, and since Mandelbrot's seminal insight into their structure, there has been growing interest in them. While the topological properties of the limit sets of IFSs have been studied -- notably in the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2025-10-31 Yuto Nakajima , Takayuki Watanabe

P\"oschl-Teller-driven solutions for quantum mechanical fluctuations are triggered off by single scalar field theories obtained through a systematic perturbative procedure for generating deformed defects. The analytical properties…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-02 Alex E. Bernardini , Roldao da Rocha

This is a survey article for the Encyclopedia of Mathematical Physics, 2nd Edition. Topological defects are described in the context of the 2-dimensional Ising model on the lattice, in 2-dimensional quantum field theory, in topological…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2024-10-24 Nils Carqueville , Michele Del Zotto , Ingo Runkel

On the basis of the principle that topological quantum phases arise from the scattering around space-time defects in higher dimensional unification, a geometric model is presented that associates with each quantum phase an element of a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 C. Kohler