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Models of how things spread often assume that transmission mechanisms are fixed over time. However, social contagions--the spread of ideas, beliefs, innovations--can lose or gain in momentum as they spread: ideas can get reinforced, beliefs…

We discuss two cases that can be connected to the dynamics of interacting populations: (I.) density waves for the case or negligible random fluctuations of the populations densities, and (II.) probability distributions connected to the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-04-05 Nikolay K. Vitanov , Zlatinka I. Dimitrova , Kaloyan N. Vitanov

The evaluation of the number of ways we can distribute energy among a collection of particles in a system is important in many branches of modern science. In particular, in multiparticle production processes the measurements of particle…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-01-05 Maciej Rybczyński , Zbigniew Włodarczyk

Power-law distributions occur in wide variety of physical, biological, and social phenomena. In this paper, we propose a statistical hypothesis test based on the log-likelihood ratio to assess whether two samples of discrete data are drawn…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-03-03 Alessandro Bessi

In this paper we review some general properties of probability distributions which exibit a singular behavior. After introducing the matter with several examples based on various models of statistical mechanics, we discuss, with the help of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-03-25 Federico Corberi , Alessandro Sarracino

This article is a presentation of specific recent results describing scaling limits of individual-based models. Thanks to them, we wish to relate the time-scales typical of demographic dynamics and natural selection to the parameters of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-08-01 Aurélien Velleret

Previously it has been shown that some classes of mixing dynamical systems have limiting return times distributions that are almost everywhere Poissonian. Here we study the behaviour of return times at periodic points and show that the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2014-03-04 N. Haydn , S. Vaienti

We consider neutral evolution of a large population subject to changes in its population size. For a population with a time-variable carrying capacity we have computed the distributions of the total branch lengths of its sample genealogies.…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2012-06-13 A. Eriksson , B. Mehlig , M. Rafajlovic , S. Sagitov

We use data on wealth of the richest persons taken from the "rich lists" provided by business magazines like Forbes to verify if upper tails of wealth distributions follow, as often claimed, a power-law behaviour. The data sets used cover…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2015-06-15 Michal Brzezinski

The use of objective prior in Bayesian applications has become a common practice to analyze data without subjective information. Formal rules usually obtain these priors distributions, and the data provide the dominant information in the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-05-18 Pedro L. Ramos , Francisco A. Rodrigues , Eduardo Ramos , Dipak K. Dey , Francisco Louzada

Galaxies and clusters distributions show two major properties: (i) the positions of galaxies and clusters are characterized by a power law distribution indicating properties with respect to their positions. (ii) The distribution of masses…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-25 Francesco Sylos Labini , Luciano Pietronero

A general multi-type population model is considered, where individuals live and reproduce according to their age and type, but also under the influence of the size and composition of the entire population. We describe the dynamics of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-03-13 Jie Yen Fan , Kais Hamza , Peter Jagers , Fima C. Klebaner

Statistical laws describe regular patterns observed in diverse scientific domains, ranging from the magnitude of earthquakes (Gutenberg-Richter law) and metabolic rates in organisms (Kleiber's law), to the frequency distribution of words in…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-02-14 Eduardo G. Altmann

Ignoring the differences between countries, human reproductive and dispersal behaviors can be described by some standardized models, so whether there is a universal law of population growth hidden in the abundant and unstructured data from…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-02-08 Jiajun Ma , Qinghua Chen , Xiaosong Chen , Jingfang Fan , Xiaomeng Li , Yi Shi

The probability distribution function for an out of equilibrium system may sometimes be approximated by a physically motivated "trial" distribution. A particularly interesting case is when a driven system (e.g., active matter) is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-03-27 Carlos Perez-Espigares , Alejandro B. Kolton , Jorge Kurchan

A new family of matrix variate distributions indexed by elliptical models are proposed in this work. The so called \emph{multimatricvariate distributions} emerge as a generalization of the bimatrix variate distributions based on matrix…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-07-19 José A. Díaz-García , Frencisco J. Caro-Lopera

We show that there is a common mode of origin for the power laws observed in two different models: (i) the Pareto law for the distribution of money among the agents with random saving propensities in an ideal gas-like market model and (ii)…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-11 Pratip Bhattacharyya , Arnab Chatterjee , Bikas K Chakrabarti

Stochastic models, based on random processes, may lead to power law distributions, which provide long range correlations. The observation of power law behavior and the presence of long range correlations in biological systems has been…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-03-26 Thomas Oikonomou

Studies on distribution, abundance and diversity of species revealed fascinating universalities in macroecology. Many of these patterns, like the species-area and range-abundance relationship or the year-to-year fluctuations in population…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 M. Ravasz , A. Balog , V. Marko , Z. Neda

Urban scaling and Zipf's law are two fundamental paradigms for the science of cities. These laws have mostly been investigated independently and are often perceived as disassociated matters. Here we present a large scale investigation about…

Physics and Society · Physics 2022-11-18 Haroldo V. Ribeiro , Milena Oehlers , Ana I. Moreno-Monroy , Jurgen P. Kropp , Diego Rybski