Related papers: String theory implications on causal hydrodynamics

String theory is the most promising candidate theory for a unified description of all fundamental forces exist in the nature. It provides a mathematical framework that combine quantum theory with Einstein's general theory of relativity. But…

We develop further a kinetic theory of strings and derive a transport equation for a network of cosmic strings with Nambu-Goto evolution, interactions and background gravitational effects taken into account. We prove an H-theorem and obtain…

A brief review of the status of duality symmetries in string theory is presented. The evidence is accumulating rapidly that an enormous group of duality symmetries, including perturbative T dualities and non-perturbative S-dualities,…

We report on recent results from VISH2+1, a code that solves the relativistic Israel-Stewart equations for causal viscous hydrodynamics for heavy-ion collisions with longitudinal boost invariance. We find that even ``minimal'' shear…

The role of integrable systems in string theory is discussed. We remind old examples of the correspondence between stringy partition functions or effective actions and integrable equations, based on effective application of the matrix model…

We investigate the following three consistency conditions for constructing string theories on orbifolds: i) the invariance of the energy-momentum tensors under twist operators, ii) the duality of amplitudes and iii) modular invariance of…

String theory is accused by some of its critics to be a purely abstract mathematical discipline, having lost the contact to the simple yet deeply rooted questions which physics provided until the beginning of this century. We argue that, in…

In these introductory lectures we summarize some basic facts and techniques about perturbative string theory (sections 1 to 6). These are further developed (sections 7 and 8) for describing string propagation in the presence of…

The equations governing dissipative relativistic hydrodynamics are formulated within the 3+1 approach for arbitrary spacetimes. Dissipation is accounted for by applying the theory of extended causal thermodynamics (Israel-Stewart theory).…

When the swimming of micro-organisms is viewed from the string and membrane theories coupled to the velocity field of the fluid, a number of interesting results are derived; 1) importance of the area (or volume) preserving algebra, 2)…

We argue that string theory should have a formulation for which stability and causality are evident. Rather than regard strings as fundamental objects, we suggest they should be regarded as composite systems of more fundamental point-like…

Hydrodynamics predicts long-lived sound and shear waves. Thermal fluctuations in these waves can lead to the diffusion of momentum density, contributing to the shear viscosity and other transport coefficients. Within viscous hydrodynamics…

We consider conserved currents in an interacting network of one-dimensional objects (or strings). Singular currents localized on a single string are considered in general, and a formal procedure for coarse-graining over many strings is…

Over the last few years, string theory has changed profoundly. Most importantly, novel duality relations have emerged which involve gauge theories of brane excitations on one side and various closed string backgrounds on the other. In this…

We review recent progress in relativistic hydrodynamics, discussing causal and stable first-order hydrodynamics, known as BDNK theories, hydrodynamic attractors, as well as hydrodynamics near the chiral critical point and spin…

These are lecture notes on string theory at Fudan University.

This article provides some historical background and then reviews developments in string theory over the last twenty-five years or so. Both perturbative and non-perturbative approaches to string theory are surveyed and their impact on how…

We perform the linear analysis of causality and stability for a minimal extended spin hydrodynamics up to second order of the gradient expansion. The first order spin hydrodynamics, with a rank-3 spin tensor being antisymmetric for only the…

We show that it is possible to define a timelike future-directed information current within relativistic first-order hydrodynamics. This constitutes the first step toward a covariantly stable and causal formulation of first-order…

We investigate the time-dependent perturbations of strongly coupled $\mathcal{N} = 4$ SYM theory at finite temperature and finite chemical potential with a second order phase transition. This theory is modelled by a top-down…