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On real-time systems running under timing constraints, scheduling can be performed when one is aware of the worst case execution time (WCET) of tasks. Usually, the WCET of a task is unknown and schedulers make use of safe…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-07-07 Valentin Touzeau , Claire Maïza , David Monniaux

WCET (Worst-Case Execution Time) estimation on multicore architecture is particularly challenging mainly due to the complex accesses over cache shared by multiple cores. Existing analysis identifies possible contentions between parallel…

Estimating the Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) of an application is an essential task in the context of developing real-time or safety-critical software, but it is also a complex and error-prone process. Conventional approaches require at…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Martin Becker , Ravindra Metta , R Venkatesh , Samarjt Chakraborty

Weakly hard real-time systems can, to some degree, tolerate deadline misses, but their schedulability still needs to be analyzed to ensure their quality of service. Such analysis usually occurs at early design stages to provide…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Jaekwon Lee , Seung Yeob Shin , Lionel Briand , Shiva Nejati

Safety-critical embedded systems having to meet real-time constraints are expected to be highly predictable in order to guarantee at design time that certain timing deadlines will always be met. This requirement usually prevents designers…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Lars Wehmeyer , Peter Marwedel

We propose the first method that determines the exact worst-case execution time (WCET) for implicit linear model predictive control (MPC). Such WCET bounds are imperative when MPC is used in real time to control safety-critical systems. The…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-25 Daniel Arnström , David Broman , Daniel Axehill

Cause-effect chains, as a widely used modeling method in real-time embedded systems, are extensively applied in various safety-critical domains. End-to-end latency, as a key real-time attribute of cause-effect chains, is crucial in many…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-29 Yixuan Zhu , Yinkang Gao , Bo Zhang , Xiaohang Gong , Binze Jiang , Lei Gong , Wenqi Lou , Teng Wang , Chao Wang , Xi Li , Xuehai Zhou

Estimating worst-case execution times (WCET) is an important activity at early design stages of real-time systems. Based on WCET estimates, engineers make design and implementation decisions to ensure that task executions always complete…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Jaekwon Lee , Seung Yeob Shin , Shiva Nejati , Lionel C. Briand , Yago Isasi Parache

Runtime monitoring plays a key role in the assurance of modern intelligent cyber-physical systems, which are frequently data-intensive and safety-critical. While graph queries can serve as an expressive yet formally precise specification…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-04 Márton Búr , Kristóf Marussy , Brett H. Meyer , Dániel Varró

The safety of our day-to-day life depends crucially on the correct functioning of embedded software systems which control the functioning of more and more technical devices. Many of these software systems are time-critical. Hence,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2009-03-13 Adrian Prantl , Jens Knoop , Markus Schordan , Markus Triska

Machine-learning models are increasingly deployed on resource-constrained embedded systems with strict timing constraints. In such scenarios, the worst-case execution time (WCET) of the models is required to ensure safe operation.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Nils Hölscher , Christian Hakert , Georg von der Brüggen , Jian-Jia Chen , Kuan-Hsun Chen , Jan Reineke

The most common method to auto-grade a student's submission in a CS1 or a CS2 course is to run it against a pre-defined test suite and compare the results against reference results. However, this technique cannot be used if the correctness…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Aaryen Mehta , Gagan Aryan

In this paper we introduce a framework for computing upper bounds yet accurate WCET for hardware platforms with caches and pipelines. The methodology we propose consists of 3 steps: 1) given a program to analyse, compute an equivalent…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2010-06-11 Franck Cassez

High Performance and Energy Efficiency are critical requirements for Internet of Things (IoT) end-nodes. Exploiting tightly-coupled clusters of programmable processors (CMPs) has recently emerged as a suitable solution to address this…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Jie Chen , Igor Loi , Eric Flamand , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

Concerns regarding the scalability of the inter-domain routing have encouraged researchers to start elaborating a more robust Internet architecture. While consensus on the exact form of the solution is yet to be found, the need for a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2013-12-09 Florin Coras , Jordi Domingo-Pascual , Darrel Lewis , Albert Cabellos-Aparicio

Real-time and cyber-physical systems need to interact with and respond to their physical environment in a predictable time. While multicore platforms provide incredible computational power and throughput, they also introduce new sources of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Ayoosh Bansal , Jayati Singh , Yifan Hao , Jen-Yang Wen , Renato Mancuso , Marco Caccamo

Conventional cache models are not suited for real-time parallel processing because tasks may flush each other's data out of the cache in an unpredictable manner. In this way the system is not compositional so the overall performance is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-09 A. M. Molnos , M. J. M. Heijligers , S. D. Cotofana , J. T. J. Van Eijndhoven

In this paper, we focus on modelling the timing aspects of binary programs running on architectures featuring caches and pipelines. The objective is to obtain a timed automaton model to compute tight bounds for the worst-case execution time…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-11-16 Franck Cassez , Pablo González de Aledo Marugán

We present a static analysis framework for real-time task systems running on multi-core processors. Our method analyzes tasks in isolation at the binary level and generates worst-case timing and memory access profiles. These profiles can…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-01 Thomas Carle , Hugues Cassé

The predictability of a system is the condition to give saferbound on worst case execution timeof real-time tasks which are running on it. Commercial off-the-shelf(COTS) processors are in-creasingly used in embedded systems and contain…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Fabien Bouquillon , Clément Ballabriga , Giuseppe Lipari , Smail Niar
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