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The production spectrum of high-energy muons as a function of depth in the atmosphere is relevant for understanding properties of event rates in deep detectors. For a given atmospheric profile, cascades of heavy nuclei develop at higher…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-08-20 Thomas K. Gaisser , Stef Verpoest

We present the formula for angular distribution of integral flux of conventional ($\pi, K$) muons deep under water taking into account the sphericity of the atmosphere and fluctuations of muon energy losses.The accuracy of this formula for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 S. I. Klimushin , E. V. Bugaev , I. A. Sokalski

Transverse-mass spectra of protons, pions and kaons produced in collisions of heavy nuclei are analyzed within the model of 3-fluid dynamics. It was demonstrated that this model consistently reproduces these spectra in wide ranges of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-13 Yu. B. Ivanov , V. N. Russkikh

The analysis of high-energy air shower data allows one to study the proton-air cross section at energies beyond the reach of fixed target and collider experiments. The mean depth of the first interaction point and its fluctuations are a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2009-07-22 Ralf Ulrich , Johannes Blümer , Ralph Engel , Fabian Schüssler , Michael Unger

This letter presents the measurement of the energy-dependent neutrino-nucleon cross section in tungsten and the differential flux of muon neutrinos and anti-neutrinos. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data at a…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-05-19 FASER Collaboration , Roshan Mammen Abraham , Xiaocong Ai , John Anders , Claire Antel , Akitaka Ariga , Tomoko Ariga , Jeremy Atkinson , Florian U. Bernlochner , Tobias Boeckh , Jamie Boyd , Lydia Brenner , Angela Burger , Franck Cadoux , Roberto Cardella , David W. Casper , Charlotte Cavanagh , Xin Chen , Dhruv Chouhan , Andrea Coccaro , Stephane Débieux , Monica D'Onofrio , Ansh Desai , Sergey Dmitrievsky , Radu Dobre , Sinead Eley , Yannick Favre , Deion Fellers , Jonathan L. Feng , Carlo Alberto Fenoglio , Didier Ferrere , Max Fieg , Wissal Filali , Elena Firu , Edward Galantay , Ali Garabaglu , Stephen Gibson , Sergio Gonzalez-Sevilla , Yuri Gornushkin , Carl Gwilliam , Daiki Hayakawa , Michael Holzbock , Shih-Chieh Hsu , Zhen Hu , Giuseppe Iacobucci , Tomohiro Inada , Luca Iodice , Sune Jakobsen , Hans Joos , Enrique Kajomovitz , Hiroaki Kawahara , Alex Keyken , Felix Kling , Daniela Köck , Pantelis Kontaxakis , Umut Kose , Rafaella Kotitsa , Susanne Kuehn , Thanushan Kugathasan , Lorne Levinson , Ke Li , Jinfeng Liu , Yi Liu , Margaret S. Lutz , Jack MacDonald , Chiara Magliocca , Toni Mäkelä , Lawson McCoy , Josh McFayden , Andrea Pizarro Medina , Matteo Milanesio , Théo Moretti , Mitsuhiro Nakamura , Toshiyuki Nakano , Laurie Nevay , Ken Ohashi , Hidetoshi Otono , Hao Pang , Lorenzo Paolozzi , Pawan Pawan , Brian Petersen , Titi Preda , Markus Prim , Michaela Queitsch-Maitland , Hiroki Rokujo , André Rubbia , Jorge Sabater-Iglesias , Osamu Sato , Paola Scampoli , Kristof Schmieden , Matthias Schott , Anna Sfyrla , Davide Sgalaberna , Mansoora Shamim , Savannah Shively , Yosuke Takubo , Noshin Tarannum , Ondrej Theiner , Eric Torrence , Oscar Ivan Valdes Martinez , Svetlana Vasina , Benedikt Vormwald , Di Wang , Yuxiao Wang , Eli Welch , Monika Wielers , Yue Xu , Samuel Zahorec , Stefano Zambito , Shunliang Zhang

The differential charged jet cross sections, jet fragmentation distributions, and jet shapes are measured in minimum bias proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV using the ALICE detector at the LHC. Jets are…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2015-10-14 ALICE Collaboration

We reconstruct the power spectrum of primordial curvature perturbations by applying a well-validated non-parametric technique employing Tikhonov regularisation to the first data release from the Planck satellite. To improve the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-31 Paul Hunt , Subir Sarkar

A search for nonresonant excesses in the invariant mass spectra of electron and muon pairs is presented. The analysis is based on data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded by the CMS experiment in…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-04-24 CMS Collaboration

New developments in empirical analyses of the proton-proton differential cross section data at high energies are reported. Making use of an unconstrained model-independent parametrization for the scattering amplitude and two different fit…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-05-27 D. A. Fagundes , M. J. Menon , G. L. P. Silva

We calculate the cosmic ray muon flux at ground level using directly the primary cosmic ray spectrum and composition measured in the ATIC-2 balloon experiment. In order to extend the calculations to high energies, up to 100 TeV, we use the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-09-16 A. A. Kochanov , A. D. Panov , T. S. Sinegovskaya , S. I. Sinegovsky

We perform a consistent modeling of cosmic ray electrons, positrons and of the radio emission of the Galaxy. For the time we reproduce all relevant data sets between 1 GeV and 1 TeV including the recent AMS-02 positron fraction results. We…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-07-01 D. Grasso , G. Di Bernardo , C. Evoli , D. Gaggero , L. Maccione

In this paper, we report the measurement relative to the production of forward neutrons in proton-proton collisions at $\mathrm{\sqrt{s} = 13~TeV}$ obtained using the LHCf Arm2 detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The results for the…

Interpretation of measurements of the muon charge ratio in the TeV range depends on the spectra of protons and neutrons in the primary cosmic radiation and on the inclusive cross sections for production of $\pi^\pm$ and $K^\pm$ in the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 Thomas K. Gaisser

Hadron spectra measured in high-energy collisions present distributions which can be derived from the non-extensive statistical and thermodynamical phenomena. Based on earlier theoretical developments, it seems, the methods are very…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-09-22 Gergely Gábor Barnaföldi , Károly Ürmössy , Gábor Bíró

IceCube has observed a diffuse astrophysical neutrino flux over the energy region from a few TeV to a few PeV. At PeV energies, the spectral shape is not yet well measured due to the low statistics of the data. This analysis probes the gap…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-09 R. Abbasi , M. Ackermann , J. Adams , S. K. Agarwalla , J. A. Aguilar , M. Ahlers , J. M. Alameddine , N. M. Amin , K. Andeen , C. Argüelles , Y. Ashida , S. Athanasiadou , S. N. Axani , R. Babu , X. Bai , A. Balagopal V. , M. Baricevic , S. W. Barwick , S. Bash , V. Basu , R. Bay , J. J. Beatty , J. Becker Tjus , J. Beise , C. Bellenghi , S. BenZvi , D. Berley , E. Bernardini , D. Z. Besson , E. Blaufuss , L. Bloom , S. Blot , F. Bontempo , J. Y. Book Motzkin , C. Boscolo Meneguolo , S. Böser , O. Botner , J. Böttcher , J. Braun , B. Brinson , Z. Brisson-Tsavoussis , J. Brostean-Kaiser , L. Brusa , R. T. Burley , D. Butterfield , M. A. Campana , I. Caracas , K. Carloni , J. Carpio , S. Chattopadhyay , N. Chau , Z. Chen , D. Chirkin , S. Choi , B. A. Clark , A. Coleman , P. Coleman , G. H. Collin , A. Connolly , J. M. Conrad , R. Corley , D. F. Cowen , C. De Clercq , J. J. DeLaunay , D. Delgado , S. Deng , A. Desai , P. Desiati , K. D. de Vries , G. de Wasseige , T. DeYoung , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , P. Dierichs , S. DiKerby , M. Dittmer , A. Domi , L. Draper , H. Dujmovic , D. Durnford , K. Dutta , M. A. DuVernois , T. Ehrhardt , L. Eidenschink , A. Eimer , P. Eller , E. Ellinger , S. El Mentawi , D. Elsässer , R. Engel , H. Erpenbeck , W. Esmail , J. Evans , P. A. Evenson , K. L. Fan , K. Fang , K. Farrag , A. R. Fazely , A. Fedynitch , N. Feigl , S. Fiedlschuster , C. Finley , L. Fischer , D. Fox , A. Franckowiak , S. Fukami , P. Fürst , J. Gallagher , E. Ganster , A. Garcia , M. Garcia , G. Garg , E. Genton , L. Gerhardt , A. Ghadimi , C. Girard-Carillo , C. Glaser , T. Glüsenkamp , J. G. Gonzalez , S. Goswami , A. Granados , D. Grant , S. J. Gray , S. Griffin , S. Griswold , K. M. Groth , D. Guevel , C. Günther , P. Gutjahr , C. Ha , C. Haack , A. Hallgren , L. Halve , F. Halzen , L. Hamacher , H. Hamdaoui , M. Ha Minh , M. Handt , K. Hanson , J. Hardin , A. A. Harnisch , P. Hatch , A. Haungs , J. Häußler , K. Helbing , J. Hellrung , J. Hermannsgabner , L. Heuermann , N. Heyer , S. Hickford , A. Hidvegi , C. Hill , G. C. Hill , R. Hmaid , K. D. Hoffman , S. Hori , K. Hoshina , M. Hostert , W. Hou , T. Huber , K. Hultqvist , M. Hünnefeld , R. Hussain , K. Hymon , A. Ishihara , W. Iwakiri , M. Jacquart , S. Jain , O. Janik , M. Jansson , M. Jeong , M. Jin , B. J. P. Jones , N. Kamp , D. Kang , W. Kang , X. Kang , A. Kappes , D. Kappesser , L. Kardum , T. Karg , M. Karl , A. Karle , A. Katil , U. Katz , M. Kauer , J. L. Kelley , M. Khanal , A. Khatee Zathul , A. Kheirandish , J. Kiryluk , S. R. Klein , Y. Kobayashi , A. Kochocki , R. Koirala , H. Kolanoski , T. Kontrimas , L. Köpke , C. Kopper , D. J. Koskinen , P. Koundal , M. Kowalski , T. Kozynets , N. Krieger , J. Krishnamoorthi , T. Krishnan , K. Kruiswijk , E. Krupczak , A. Kumar , E. Kun , N. Kurahashi , N. Lad , C. Lagunas Gualda , M. Lamoureux , M. J. Larson , F. Lauber , J. P. Lazar , K. Leonard DeHolton , A. Leszczyńska , J. Liao , M. Lincetto , Y. T. Liu , M. Liubarska , C. Love , L. Lu , F. Lucarelli , W. Luszczak , Y. Lyu , J. Madsen , E. Magnus , K. B. M. Mahn , Y. Makino , E. Manao , S. Mancina , A. Mand , W. Marie Sainte , I. C. Mariş , S. Marka , Z. Marka , M. Marsee , I. Martinez-Soler , R. Maruyama , F. Mayhew , F. McNally , J. V. Mead , K. Meagher , S. Mechbal , A. Medina , M. Meier , Y. Merckx , L. Merten , J. Mitchell , L. Molchany , T. Montaruli , R. W. Moore , Y. Morii , R. Morse , M. Moulai , T. Mukherjee , R. Naab , M. Nakos , U. Naumann , J. Necker , A. Negi , L. Neste , M. Neumann , H. Niederhausen , M. U. Nisa , K. Noda , A. Noell , A. Novikov , A. Obertacke Pollmann , V. O'Dell , A. Olivas , R. Orsoe , J. Osborn , E. O'Sullivan , V. Palusova , H. Pandya , N. Park , G. K. Parker , V. Parrish , E. N. Paudel , L. Paul , C. Pérez de los Heros , T. Pernice , J. Peterson , A. Pizzuto , M. Plum , A. Pontén , Y. Popovych , M. Prado Rodriguez , B. Pries , R. Procter-Murphy , G. T. Przybylski , L. Pyras , C. Raab , J. Rack-Helleis , N. Rad , M. Ravn , K. Rawlins , Z. Rechav , A. Rehman , I. Reistroffer , E. Resconi , S. Reusch , W. Rhode , B. Riedel , A. Rifaie , E. J. Roberts , S. Robertson , S. Rodan , M. Rongen , A. Rosted , C. Rott , T. Ruhe , L. Ruohan , I. Safa , J. Saffer , D. Salazar-Gallegos , P. Sampathkumar , A. Sandrock , M. Santander , S. Sarkar , S. Sarkar , J. Savelberg , P. Savina , P. Schaile , M. Schaufel , H. Schieler , S. Schindler , L. Schlickmann , B. Schlüter , F. Schlüter , N. Schmeisser , T. Schmidt , J. Schneider , F. G. Schröder , L. Schumacher , S. Schwirn , S. Sclafani , D. Seckel , L. Seen , M. Seikh , M. Seo , S. Seunarine , P. A. Sevle Myhr , R. Shah , S. Shefali , N. Shimizu , M. Silva , B. Skrzypek , B. Smithers , R. Snihur , J. Soedingrekso , A. Søgaard , D. Soldin , P. Soldin , G. Sommani , C. Spannfellner , G. M. Spiczak , C. Spiering , J. Stachurska , M. Stamatikos , T. Stanev , T. Stezelberger , T. Stürwald , T. Stuttard , G. W. Sullivan , I. Taboada , S. Ter-Antonyan , A. Terliuk , A. Thakuri , M. Thiesmeyer , W. G. Thompson , J. Thwaites , S. Tilav , K. Tollefson , C. Tönnis , S. Toscano , D. Tosi , A. Trettin , M. A. Unland Elorrieta , A. K. Upadhyay , K. Upshaw , A. Vaidyanathan , N. Valtonen-Mattila , J. Vandenbroucke , N. van Eijndhoven , D. Vannerom , J. van Santen , J. Vara , F. Varsi , J. Veitch-Michaelis , M. Venugopal , M. Vereecken , S. Vergara Carrasco , S. Verpoest , D. Veske , A. Vijai , C. Walck , A. Wang , C. Weaver , P. Weigel , A. Weindl , J. Weldert , A. Y. Wen , C. Wendt , J. Werthebach , M. Weyrauch , N. Whitehorn , C. H. Wiebusch , D. R. Williams , L. Witthaus , M. Wolf , G. Wrede , X. W. Xu , J. P. Yanez , E. Yildizci , S. Yoshida , R. Young , F. Yu , S. Yu , T. Yuan , A. Zegarelli , S. Zhang , Z. Zhang , P. Zhelnin , P. Zilberman , M. Zimmerman

In this paper, we extend the calculation of the atmospheric neutrino flux~\cite{hkkm2004,hkkms2006,hkkm2011} to the sites in polar and tropical regions. In our earliest full 3D-calculation~\cite{hkkm2004}, we used DPMJET-III~\cite{dpm} for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-08-06 M. Honda , M. Sajjad Athar , T. Kajita , K. Kasahara , S. Midorikawa

Extensive air showers produce high-energy muons that can be utilized to probe hadronic interaction models in cosmic ray interactions. Most muons originate from pion and kaon decays, called $\textit{conventional}$ muons, while a smaller…

We have observed the spectrum of Procyon A (F5IV) from 4559 to 5780 A with a S/N of ~ 1e3 and a resolving power of 2e5. We have measured the line bisectors and relative line shifts of a large number of Fe I and Fe II lines, comparing them…

This paper is a mini-review of the atmospheric muon and neutrino flux calculations based upon a recent version of CORT code and up-to-date data on primary cosmic rays and hadronic interactions. A comparison of calculations with a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Vadim A. Naumov

In the near future the energy region above few hundreds of TeV may really be accessible for measurements of the atmospheric muon spectrum by the IceCube array. Therefore one expects that muon flux uncertainties above 50 TeV, related to a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-20 S. I. Sinegovsky , A. A. Kochanov , T. S. Sinegovskaya , A. Misaki , N. Takahashi