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Detecting spatial and temporal information of individual photons by using single-photon-detector (SPD) arrays is critical to applications in spectroscopy, communication, biological imaging, astronomical observation, and quantum-information…

A photon-number-resolving detector based on a four-element superconducting nanowire single photon detector is demonstrated to have sub-30-ps resolution in measuring the arrival time of individual photons. This detector can be used to…

Deep space explorations require transferring huge amounts of data quickly from very distant targets. Laser communication is a promising technology that can offer a data rate of magnitude faster than conventional microwave communication due…

For the last 50 years, superconducting detectors have offered exceptional sensitivity and speed for detecting faint electromagnetic signals in a wide range of applications. These detectors operate at very low temperatures and generate a…

In a recent publication we have proposed a numerical model that describes the detection process of optical photons in superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD). Here, we review this model and present a significant improvement…

Superconductivity · Physics 2015-06-24 Andreas Engel , Julia Lonsky , Xiaofu Zhang , Andreas Schilling

Photon counting is a fundamental component in quantum optics and quantum information. However, implementing ideal photon-number-resolving (PNR) detectors remains experimentally challenging. Multiplexed PNR detection offers a scalable and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Xiaobin Zhao , Hezheng Qin , Hong X. Tang , Linran Fan , Quntao Zhuang

We develop single-photon detectors comprising single-mode fiber-coupled superconducting nanowires, with high system detection efficiencies at a wavelength of 940 nm. The detector comprises a 6.5-nm-thick, 110-nm-wide NbN nanowire meander…

Superconductivity · Physics 2015-06-29 W. J. Zhang , H. Li , L. X. You , Y. H. He , L. Zhang , X. Y. Liu , X. Y. Yang , J. J. Wu , Q. Guo , S. J. Chen , Z. Wang , X. M. Xie

Heralded single-photon sources (HSPS) intrinsically suffer from multiphoton emission, leading to a trade-off between the source's quality and the heralding rate. A solution to this problem is to use photon-number-resolving (PNR) detectors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-31 Lorenzo Stasi , Patrik Caspar , Tiff Brydges , Hugo Zbinden , Félix Bussières , Rob Thew

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) with high timing resolution and low background counts in the mid infrared (MIR) have the potential to open up numerous opportunities in fields such as exoplanet searches, direct dark…

Significance: Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs; also known as SSPDs) show enormous promise for low-light biomedical imaging by offering exceptional sensitivity, picosecond timing resolution, and broad spectral…

Optics · Physics 2025-12-09 Emi Cora Valmai Hughes , Avinash Upadhya , Kishan Dholakia

We present a 1024-element imaging array of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) using a 32x32 row-column multiplexing architecture. Large arrays are desirable for applications such as imaging, spectroscopy, or particle…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-01-08 Emma E. Wollman , Varun B. Verma , Adriana E. Lita , William H. Farr , Matthew D. Shaw , Richard P. Mirin , Sae Woo Nam

State-of-the-art Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors based on low-Tc materials reach 100% quantum efficiency. However, the response time is limited to >1-10 ns. Recently, it has been shown that due to a much lower kinetic…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-10-05 Sergey Cherednichenko , Narendra Acharya , Evgenii Novoselov , Vladimir Drakinskiy

We report a compact, scalable, and high-performance superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) array by using a multichannel optical fiber array-coupled configuration. For single pixels with an active area of 18 um in diameter…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-01-29 Wei-Jun Zhang , Guang-Zhao Xu , Li-Xing You , Cheng-Jun Zhang , Hao Huang , Xin Ou , Xing-Qu Sun , Jia-Min Xiong , Hao Li , Zhen Wang , Xiao-Ming Xie

Superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPD or SSPD) are highly promising devices in the growing field of quantum information and communications technology. We have developed a practical SSPD system with our superconducting thin…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-17 Zhen Wang , Shigehito Miki , Mikio Fujiwara

We report on the design, fabrication and measurement of travelling-wave superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) integrated with polycrystalline diamond photonic circuits. We analyze their performance both in the…

We describe a micromachining process to allow the coupling of an array of single-mode telecommunication fibers to individual superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs). As proof of principle, we show the integration of four…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-12-21 Risheng Cheng , Xiang Guo , Xiaosong Ma , Linran Fan , King Y. Fong , Menno Poot , Hong X. Tang

Single-photon detectors and nanoscale superconducting devices are two major candidates for realizing quantum technologies. Superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) comprise these two solid-state and optic aspects enabling…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-01-24 Itamar Holzman , Yachin Ivry

We demonstrate and verify quantum detector tomography of a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) in a multiplexing scheme which permits measurement of up to 71000 photons per input pulse. We reconstruct the positive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-20 Timon Schapeler , Jan Philipp Hoepker , Tim J. Bartley

Satellite-ground quantum communication requires single-photon detectors of 850-nm wavelength with both high detection efficiency and large sensitive area. We developed superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) on…

Nitrogen-doped Tungsten-Rhenium superconducting alloys were recently proposed as a promising material platform for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs), offering a favorable balance between high normal state resistivity…

Superconductivity · Physics 2026-05-26 F. Colangelo , Abhishek Kumar , H. Wang , F. Avitabile , C. Attanasio , I. Esmaeil Zadeh , C. Cirillo