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The frequencies at which individual words occur across languages follow power law distributions, a pattern of findings known as Zipf's law. A vast literature argues over whether this serves to optimize the efficiency of human communication,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Michael Ramscar

Background: Zipf's discovery that word frequency distributions obey a power law established parallels between biological and physical processes, and language, laying the groundwork for a complex systems perspective on human communication.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2009-11-11 Eduardo G. Altmann , Janet B. Pierrehumbert , Adilson E. Motter

We investigate into the rank-size distributions of urban agglomerations for India between 1981 to 2011. The incidence of a power law tail is prominent. A relevant question persists regarding the evolution of the power tail coefficient. We…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-04 Kausik Gangopadhyay , Banasri Basu

Observed transmission line outage data is grouped into successive generations of events. The empirical distribution of the number of generations in the cascades follows a Zipf distribution that implies the increasing propagation as cascades…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-08-28 Ian Dobson

The key idea of this model is that firms are the result of an evolutionary process. Based on demand and supply considerations the evolutionary model presented here derives explicitly Gibrat's law of proportionate effects as the result of…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2015-06-11 Joachim Kaldasch

The different between the inverse power function and the negative exponential function is significant. The former suggests a complex distribution, while the latter indicates a simple distribution. However, the association of the power-law…

Physics and Society · Physics 2018-12-19 Yanguang Chen

Linux users expect fresh packages in the official repositories of their distributions. Yet, due to philosophical divergences, the packages available in various distributions do not all have the same degree of freshness. Users therefore need…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Damien Legay , Alexandre Decan , Tom Mens

Urban agglomerations exhibit complex emergent features of which Zipf's law, i.e.\ a power-law size distribution, and fractality may be regarded as the most prominent ones. We propose a simplistic model for the generation of city-like…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-09-15 Diego Rybski , Anselmo Garcia Cantu Ros , Jürgen P. Kropp

We report activity data analysis on several open source software projects, focusing on time between modifications and on the number of files modified at once. Both have fat-tailed distributions, long-term memory, and display systematic…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-02-22 Damien Challet , Sergi Valverde

The Zipf's law is the major regularity of statistical linguistics that served as a prototype for rank-frequency relations and scaling laws in natural sciences. Here we show that the Zipf's law -- together with its applicability for a single…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2015-06-15 Armen E. Allahverdyan , Weibing Deng , Q. A. Wang

The problem of reliability of a large distributed system is analyzed via a new mathematical model. A typical framework is a system where a set of files are duplicated on several data servers. When one of these servers breaks down, all…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-06-05 Reza Aghajani , Philippe Robert , Wen Sun

We analyze time evolution of statistical distributions of citations to scientific papers published in one year. While these distributions can be fitted by a power-law dependence we find that they are nonstationary and the exponent of the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-09-13 Michael Golosovsky

The degree distribution of a real world network -- the number of links per node -- often follows a power law, with some hubs having many more links than traditional graph generation methods predict. For years, preferential attachment and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Josh Johnston , Tim Andersen

We propose a dynamical toy model of agents which possess a quantity and have an interaction radius depending on the amount of the quantity. They exchange the quantity with agents existing within their interaction radii. It is shown in the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-08-06 Tohru Tashiro , Megumi Koshiishi , Tetsuo Deguchi

Zipf's law states that if words of language are ranked in the order of decreasing frequency in texts, the frequency of a word is inversely proportional to its rank. It is very robust as an experimental observation, but to date it escaped…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2009-01-22 Dmitrii Manin

It is shown that the distribution of low variability periods in the activity of human heart rate typically follows a multi-scaling Zipf's law. The presence or failure of a power law, as well as the values of the scaling exponents, are…

Medical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. Kalda , M. Sakki , M. Vainu , M. Laan

Even though people in our contemporary, technological society are depending on communication, our understanding of the underlying laws of human communicational behavior continues to be poorly understood. Here we investigate the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-09-15 Diego Rybski , Sergey V. Buldyrev , Shlomo Havlin , Fredrik Liljeros , Hernan A. Makse

In a range of citation networks, the in-degree distributions boast time-periodicity---the distributions of citations per article published each year present similar scale-free tails. This phenomenon can be regarded as a consequence of the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2016-10-12 Qi Liu , Zheng Xie , Zonglin Xie , Enming Dong , Jianping Li

We propose hypotheses describing the empirical finding of an association between the exponents of urban GDP scaling and Zipf's law for cities. These hypotheses represent various combinations of directional or reciprocal causal links between…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-07-27 Fabiano L. Ribeiro , Jose Lobo , Diego Rybski

Software libraries are the elementary building blocks of open source software ecosystems, extending the capabilities of programming languages beyond their standard libraries. Although ecosystem health is often quantified using data on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Gábor Mészáros , Johannes Wachs