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Quantum error correction is an essential ingredient for universal quantum computing. Despite tremendous experimental efforts in the study of quantum error correction, to date, there has been no demonstration in the realisation of universal…

Quantum computers promise to solve problems that are intractable for classical computers, but qubits are vulnerable to many sources of error, limiting the depth of the circuits that can be reliably executed on today's quantum hardware.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 Daniel Honciuc Menendez , Annie Ray , Michael Vasmer

In adversarial settings, where attackers can deliberately and strategically corrupt quantum data, standard quantum error correction reaches its limits. It can only correct up to half the code distance and must output a unique answer.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-12 Rahul Arvind , Nikhil Bansal , Dax Enshan Koh , Tobias Haug , Kishor Bharti

The recently introduced detected-jump correcting quantum codes are capable of stabilizing qubit-systems against spontaneous decay processes arising from couplings to statistically independent reservoirs. These embedded quantum codes exploit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-31 G. Alber , Th. Beth , Ch. Charnes , A. Delgado , M. Grassl , M. Mussinger

Known quantum error correction schemes are typically able to take advantage of only a limited class of classical error-correcting codes. Entanglement-assisted quantum error correction is a partial solution which made it possible to exploit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-24 Yuichiro Fujiwara

The construction of a quantum computer remains a fundamental scientific and technological challenge, in particular due to unavoidable noise. Quantum states and operations can be protected from errors using protocols for fault-tolerant…

Quantum error correction protocols will play a central role in the realisation of quantum computing; the choice of error correction code will influence the full quantum computing stack, from the layout of qubits at the physical level to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-14 Joschka Roffe

Concatenating quantum error correction codes scales error correction capability by driving logical error rates down double-exponentially across levels. However, the noise structure shifts under concatenation, making it hard to choose an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 Nico Meyer , Christopher Mutschler , Dominik Seuß , Andreas Maier , Daniel D. Scherer

We propose a scheme that converts a stabilizer code into another stabilizer code in a fault tolerant manner. The scheme first puts both codes in specific forms, and proceeds the conversion from a source code to a target code by applying…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-10 Yongsoo Hwang , Byung-Soo Choi , Young-chai Ko , Jun Heo

Quantum error correcting (QEC) stabilizer codes enable protection of quantum information against errors during storage and processing. Simulation of noisy QEC codes is used to identify the noise parameters necessary for advantageous…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Sascha Heußen , Don Winter , Manuel Rispler , Markus Müller

We provide a detailed study of the general structure of two-dimensional topological stabilizer quantum error correcting codes, including subsystem codes. Under the sole assumption of translational invariance, we show that all such codes can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-28 H. Bombin

Subsystem codes are a generalization of noiseless subsystems, decoherence free subspaces, and quantum error-correcting codes. We prove a Singleton bound for GF(q)-linear subsystem codes. It follows that no subsystem code over a prime field…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Andreas Klappenecker , Pradeep Kiran Sarvepalli

We study the encoding complexity for quantum error correcting codes with large rate and distance. We prove that random Clifford circuits with $O(n \log^2 n)$ gates can be used to encode $k$ qubits in $n$ qubits with a distance $d$ provided…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-31 Winton Brown , Omar Fawzi

We show how entanglement-assisted codes can be constructed from arbitrary quantum codes by associating them with quantum codes for erasure channels. If a subset of physical qubits is correctable for an erasure error, then it naturally forms…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Jaszmine DeFranco , Andrew Nemec

It is important to protect quantum information against decoherence and operational errors, and quantum error-correcting (QEC) codes are the keys to solving this problem. Of course, just the existence of codes is not efficient. It is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jumpei Niwa , Keiji Matsumoto , Hiroshi Imai

Surface and color codes are two forms of topological quantum error correction in two spatial dimensions with complementary properties. Surface codes have lower-depth error detection circuits and well-developed decoders to interpret and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-18 Jonathan E. Moussa

Codeword stabilized (CWS) codes are a general class of quantum codes that includes stabilizer codes and many families of non-additive codes with good parameters. For such a non-additive code correcting all t-qubit errors, we propose an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Yunfan Li , Ilya Dumer , Leonid P. Pryadko

We present a general framework of quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) as a subspace of a complex Hilbert space and the corresponding error models. Then we illustrate how QECCs can be constructed using techniques from algebraic coding…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Markus Grassl

To build a fault-tolerant quantum computer, it is necessary to implement a quantum error correcting code. Such codes rely on the ability to extract information about the quantum error syndrome while not destroying the quantum information…

Quantum information science strives to leverage the quantum-mechanical nature of our universe in order to achieve large improvements in certain information processing tasks. In deep-space optical communications, current receivers for the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-16 Narayanan Rengaswamy