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At present there are still several open questions about the origin of the ultra high energy cosmic rays. However, great progress in this area has been made in recent years due to the data collected by the present generation of ground based…
The most important goal of studying an extensive air shower is to find the energy, mass and arrival direction of its primary cosmic ray. In order to find these parameters, the core position and arrival direction of the shower should be…
We present a concept for large-area, low-cost detection of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with a Fluorescence detector Array of Single-pixel Telescopes (FAST), addressing the requirements for the next generation of UHECR…
We present an improved method for the precise reconstruction of cosmic ray air showers above $10^{17}$ eV with sparse radio arrays. The method is based on the comparison of predictions for radio pulse shapes by CoREAS simulations to…
The uncertainty in the absolute value of the fluorescence yield is still one of the main contributions to the total error in the reconstruction of the primary energy of ultra-energetic air showers using the fluorescence technique. A…
The detection of inclined air showers (zenith angles $\theta \gtrsim 65^\circ$) with kilometer-spaced radio-antenna arrays allows measuring cosmic rays at ultra-high energies ($E \lesssim 10^{20}\,\mathrm{eV}$). Radio and particle detector…
Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays are almost exclusively detected through extensive air showers, which they initiate upon interaction with the atmosphere. The longitudinal development of these air showers can be directly observed using…
We study an inverse problem for Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy (LSFM), where the density of fluorescent molecules needs to be reconstructed. Our first step is to present a mathematical model to describe the measurements obtained by an…
All experiments observing showers light use telescopes equipped with pixellised photodetectors. Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations of the apparatus operation in various situations (background light, shower energy, proximity of tracks...) are…
The fields of cosmic ray astrophysics, gamma-ray astrophysics, and neutrino astrophysics have diverged somewhat. But for the air showers in the GeV and TeV energy ranges, the ground-based detector techniques have considerable overlaps. VHE…
The investigation of cosmic rays holds significant importance in the realm of particle physics, enabling us to expand our understanding beyond atomic confines. However, the origin and characteristics of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays remain…
We present an analysis technique that uses the timing information of Cherenkov images from extensive air showers (EAS). Our emphasis is on distant, or large core distance gamma-ray induced showers at multi-TeV energies. Specifically,…
Improved statistics and mass-composition-sensitive observation are required to clarify the origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Inevitably in the future, the UHECR observatories will have to be expanded due to the small flux;…
We present the calculation of coherent radio pulses emitted by extensive air showers induced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays accounting for reflection on the Earth's surface. Results have been obtained with a simulation program that…
We present a method to reconstruct the longitudinal profile of electrons in showers using Cherenkov telescopes. We show how the Cherenkov light collected by an array of telescopes can be transformed into the number of electrons as a…
Since 2007, the Telescope Array (TA) experiment, based in Utah, USA, has been observing ultra high energy cosmic rays to understand their origins. The experiment involves a surface detector (SD) array and three fluorescence detector (FD)…
The radio detection of extensive air showers provides a powerful method for studying the origin of high-energy cosmic rays. The Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) offers unprecedentedly detailed measurements of the radio emission footprint.…
The determination of the arrival direction of gamma-induced air showers in the ARGO-YBJ experiment has been investigated using different algorithms in the reconstruction procedure. The calculation has been performed, as a function of pad…
The Pierre Auger Observatory is the most sensitive instrument to detect photons with energies above $10^{17}$ eV. It measures extensive air showers generated by ultra high energy cosmic rays using a hybrid technique that exploits the…
A unified method for three-dimensional reconstruction of objects from transmission images collected at multiple illumination directions is described. The method may be applicable to experimental conditions relevant to absorption-based,…