Related papers: N-th root

We discuss the relationship between quaternion algebras and quadratic forms with a focus on computational aspects. Our basic motivating problem is to determine if a given algebra of rank 4 over a commutative ring R embeds in the 2x2-matrix…

Let $R$ be an associative ring with identity $1$. We describe all matrices in $T_n(R)$ the ring of $n\times n$ upper triangular matrices over $R$ ($n\in \mathbb{N}$), and $T_{\infty}(R)$ the ring of infinite upper triangular matrices over…

In this paper, we present some numerical applications for the equation $x^2+ax+b=0$, where $a, b$ are two quaternionic elements in $\mathbb{H}(\alpha,\beta)$. Based on well-known solving methods, we have developed a new numerical algorithm…

Let $R$ be a finite commutative local principal ring of cardinality $q^n$, where $q = p^r$ for an odd prime $p$ and integer $r$ with $R/J(R) \simeq GF(q)$. We determine the number of elements in the quaternion ring $H(R)$ that can be…

This article provides a simple trigonometric method for determining how many roots of a quartic equation are real and how many are complex, without solving the equation. The approach replaces the quartic's classical discriminant -- a…

We consider the polynomial equation $$X^n + a_{n-1}\cdot X^{n-1} + \dots + a_1 \cdot X + a_0 \cdot I = O,$$ over $(2 \times 2)$-matrices $X$ with the real entries, where $I$ is the identity matrix, $O$ is the null matrix, $a_i \in \mathbb…

We consider Lagrange's equation $x_1^2 + x_2^2 + x_3^2 + x_4^2 = N$, where $N$ is a sufficiently large and odd integer, and prove that it has a solution in natural numbers $x_1, \dots, x_4 $ such that $x_1 x_2 x_3 x_4 + 1$ has no more than…

Recently the author used certain quaternion orders to demonstrate the universality of some quaternary quadratic forms. Here a further study is done on one of these orders analogous to Hurwitz's proof of the formula for the number of…

Let $\mathcal{Q}$ be a quaternion division algebra over a field, and $n \geq 2$ be an integer. In a recent article, de La Cruz et al have proved that every $n$-by-$n$ matrix with entries in $\mathcal{Q}$ and pure quaternionic trace is the…

We present a practical Newton-based method for computing left eigenvalues of quaternion matrices. It uses only standard real/complex linear-algebra kernels via embeddings and applies to matrices of any size. Extensive tests on literature…

In this paper we investigate the structure of $\left(\frac{a,b}{\Z{n}}\right)$, the quaternion rings over $\Z{n}$. It is proved that these rings are isomorphic to $\left(\frac{-1,-1}{\Z{n}}\right)$ if $ a \equiv b\equiv -1 \pmod{4}$ or to…

For any positive integer n, a new family of periodic functions in power series form and of period n is used to solve in closed form a class of polynomial equation of order n. The n roots are the values of the appropriate function from that…

We present an explicit basis for orders of arbitrary level N>1 in definite rational quaternion algebras. These orders have applications to computations of spaces of elliptic and quaternionic modular forms.

The purpose of this paper is to show how the problem of finding the zeros of unilateral n-order quaternionic polynomials can be solved by determining the eigen-vectors of the corresponding companion matrix. This approach, probably…

In this paper, we find a basis for the space of modular forms of weight $2$ on $\Gamma_1(48)$. We use this basis to find formulas for the number of representations of a positive integer $n$ by certain quaternary quadratic forms of the form…

In this paper, we present some applications of quaternions and octonions. We present the real matrix representations for complex octonions and some of their properties which can be used in computations where these elements are involved.…

Component-wise accurate algorithms for computing the principal square root of an M-matrix are designed in terms of triplet representations. A triplet representation of an M-matrix $A$ is the triple $(P, {\bf u},{\bf v})$, where the matrix…

For every positive integer $n$ greater than $4$ there is a set of Latin squares of order $n$ such that every permutation of the numbers $1,\ldots,n$ appears exactly once as a row, a column, a reverse row or a reverse column of one of the…

The attitude space has been parameterized in various ways for practical purposes. Different representations gain preferences over others based on their intuitive understanding, ease of implementation, formulaic simplicity, and physical as…

We obtain the solution of the fourth order difference equation $$ x_{n+1}=\frac{ \alpha x_{n-3}}{A+B x_{n-1}x_{n-3}}$$ with the initial conditions; $x_{-3}=d,$ $x_{-2}=c,$ $x_{-1}=b,$ and $x_{0}=a$ are arbitrary nonzero real numbers,…