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The Poisson distribution is the probability distribution of the number of independent events in a given period of time. Although the Poisson distribution appears ubiquitously in various stochastic dynamics of gene expression, both as…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-10-02 Julian Lee

Contextual situations are those in which seemingly "the same" random variable changes its identity depending on the conditions under which it is recorded. Such a change of identity is observed whenever the assumption that the variable is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov , Janne V. Kujala

This paper explores certain kinds of empirical process with respect to the components of multivariate Gaussian. We put forward some finite sample bounds which hold for multivariate Gaussian under general dependence. We give necessary and…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-07-03 Jikai Hou

There is a growing interest in the so-called Bayesian Predictive Inference approach, which allows to perform Bayesian inference without specifying the likelihood and prior of the model, or the need of any MCMC. Instead, only a sequence of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Marco Battiston , Lorenzo Cappello

The Gibbs sampler (GS) is a crucial algorithm for approximating complex calculations, and it is justified by Markov chain theory, the alternating projection theorem, and $I$-projection, separately. We explore the equivalence between these…

Computation · Statistics 2024-10-15 Kun-Lin Kuo , Yuchung J. Wang

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization is indispensable for learning models in the wild, where testing distribution typically unknown and different from the training. Recent methods derived from causality have shown great potential in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Mengyue Yang , Zhen Fang , Yonggang Zhang , Yali Du , Furui Liu , Jean-Francois Ton , Jianhong Wang , Jun Wang

Estimating the number $n$ of unseen species from a $k-$sample displaying only $p\leq k$ distinct sampled species has received attention for long. It requires a model of species abundance together with a sampling model. We start with a…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-06-16 Thierry Huillet , Servet Martinez

We characterize the identified sets of a wide range of stochastic choice models, including random utility, various models of boundedly-rational behavior, and dynamic discrete choice. In each of these settings, we show two distributions over…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2026-02-24 Peter Caradonna , Christopher Turansick

Ordered random vectors are frequently encountered in many problems. The generalized order statistics (GOS) and sequential order statistics (SOS) are two general models for ordered random vectors. However, these two models do not capture the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-07-06 Tanmay sahoo , Nil Kamal Hazra , Narayanaswamy Balakrishnan

A predictive distribution over a sequence of $N+1$ events is said to be "frequency mimicking" whenever the probability for the final event conditioned on the outcome of the first $N$ events equals the relative frequency of successes among…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-09-06 Frank Lad , Giuseppe Sanfilippo

An inductive probabilistic classification rule must generally obey the principles of Bayesian predictive inference, such that all observed and unobserved stochastic quantities are jointly modeled and the parameter uncertainty is fully…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-03-25 Henrik Nyman , Jie Xiong , Johan Pensar , Jukka Corander

In many biological, agricultural, military activity problems and in some quality control problems, it is almost impossible to have a fixed sample size, because some observations are always lost for various reasons. Therefore, the sample…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-01-24 M. A. Abd Elgawad , A. M. Elsawah , Hong Qin , Ting Yan

We tackle the problem of conditioning probabilistic programs on distributions of observable variables. Probabilistic programs are usually conditioned on samples from the joint data distribution, which we refer to as deterministic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 David Tolpin , Yuan Zhou , Tom Rainforth , Hongseok Yang

We examine the extent to which sublinear-sample property testing and estimation apply to settings where samples are independently but not identically distributed. Specifically, we consider the following distributional property testing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Shivam Garg , Chirag Pabbaraju , Kirankumar Shiragur , Gregory Valiant

We show that the hypothesis of regularity of the conditional distribution of the empiric average of a finite sample of IID random variables, given all the sample "fluctuations", which appeared in our earlier manuscript |1] in the context of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-11-19 Victor Chulaevsky

We consider multi-type Galton Watson trees, and find the distribution of these trees when conditioning on very general types of recursive events. It turns out that the conditioned tree is again a multi-type Galton Watson tree, possibly with…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-07-23 Eric Cator , Henk Don

Consider generalized adapted stochastic integrals with respect to independently scattered random measures with second moments. We use a decoupling technique, known as the "principle of conditioning", to study their stable convergence…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Giovanni Peccati , Murad S. Taqqu

Conditional distribution is a fundamental quantity for describing the relationship between a response and a predictor. We propose a Wasserstein generative approach to learning a conditional distribution. The proposed approach uses a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Shiao Liu , Xingyu Zhou , Yuling Jiao , Jian Huang

Although the specification of bivariate probability models using a collection of assumed conditional distributions is not a novel concept, it has received considerable attention in the last decade. In this study, a bivariate…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-20 Indranil Ghosh , Mina Norouzirad , Filipe J. Marques

The success of large generative models has driven a paradigm shift, leveraging massive multi-source data to enhance model capabilities. However, the interaction among these sources remains theoretically underexplored. This paper takes the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Rongzhen Wang , Yan Zhang , Chenyu Zheng , Chongxuan Li , Guoqiang Wu