Related papers: The Misleading Nature of the Leaky Box Models in C…
We revisit the predictions of the nested leaky box model in detail, in terms of both primary cosmic-ray spectra, spectra of stable and unstable nuclei and antimatter production (positrons and antiprotons). We conclude that the model is in…
The leaky-box model and the attendant concept of path-length distribution of cosmic rays were invented in the mid-1960's. Even though versatile computational packages such as GALPROP and DRAGON with the diffusion approach are now available…
Two models of anomalous diffusion of cosmic ray in the leaky-box approximation are compared: one of them is based on the decoupled time-space L\'evy flights and the other on fractional walks with a finite free motion velocity. Distributions…
We present convenient formulae for the energy losses of energetic atomic nuclei over the entire energy range relevant to the physics of cosmic rays. Results are applied to a leaky-box equation with a complete loss term. Thereby we derive…
There are numerous physical situations in which a hole or leak is introduced in an otherwise closed chaotic system. The leak can have a natural origin, it can mimic measurement devices, and it can also be used to reveal dynamical properties…
The conductivity of highly charged membranes is nearly constant, due to counter-ions screening pore surfaces. Weakly charged porous media, or "leaky membranes", also contain a significant concentration of co-ions, whose depletion at high…
We investigate energy-leaky modes induced by incomplete measurements of the scattering matrices of complex media. Due to the limited numerical apertures of an optical system, it is experimentally challenging to access theoretically…
In a recent paper (Moskalenko et al., 2002), it has been shown that the flux of secondary cosmic ray (CR) antiprotons appears to be contradictory to measurements of secondary to primary nuclei ratios in cosmic rays when calculated in the…
The problem of cosmic-ray scattering in the turbulent electromagnetic fields of the interstellar medium and the solar wind is of great importance due to the variety of applications of the resulting diffusion coefficients. Examples are…
The effects of cosmic-ray diffusion and radiative cooling on the structure of the Galactic wind are studied using a steady state approximation. It is known that realistic cooling processes suppress the wind from launching. The effects of…
A critical challenge in the observation of the redshifted 21-cm line is its separation from bright Galactic and extragalactic foregrounds. In particular, the instrumental leakage of polarized foregrounds, which undergo significant Faraday…
First, we consider galaxy formation from the viewpoint of hierarchical clustering theory and discuss the possibility that inhomogeneous models with a local void may be compatible with the observed homogeneity of galactic distributions found…
This paper deals with the cosmic-ray penetration into molecular clouds and with the related gamma--ray emission. High energy cosmic rays interact with the dense gas and produce neutral pions which in turn decay into two gamma rays. This…
Low energy cosmic rays (up to the GeV energy domain) play a crucial role in the physics and chemistry of the densest phase of the interstellar medium. Unlike interstellar ionising radiation, they can penetrate large column densities of gas,…
The source responsible for the reionization of the Universe is believed to be the population of star-forming galaxies at $z\sim6$ to 12. The biggest uncertainty concerns the fraction of Lyman-continuum photons that actually escape from the…
The growth of magneto-hydrodynamic fluctuations relevant to cosmic ray confinement in and near their sources, and the effects of local plasma conditions is revisited. We consider cases where cosmic rays penetrate a medium which may contain…
Modeling galaxy formation in a cosmological context presents one of the greatest challenges in astrophysics today, due to the vast range of scales and numerous physical processes involved. Here we review the current status of models that…
Galactic outflows are critical to our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution. However the details of the underlying feedback process remain unclear. We compare Ly$\alpha$ observations of the circumgalactic medium (CGM) of Lyman…
The macroscopic behaviour of cosmic rays in turbulent magnetic fields is discussed. An implementation of anisotropic diffusion of cosmic rays with respect to the magnetic field in a non-conservative, high-order, finite-difference…
We propose to infer ionising continuum leaking properties of galaxies by looking at their Lyman-alpha line profiles. We carry out Lyman-alpha radiation transfer calculations in two models of HII regions which are porous to ionising…