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Graphs are used in many disciplines to model the relationships that exist between objects in a complex discrete system. Researchers may wish to compare a network of interest to a "typical" graph from a family (or ensemble) of graphs which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-08 Catherine Greenhill

The past two decades have seen significant successes in our understanding of complex networked systems, from the mapping of real-world social, biological and technological networks to the establishment of generative models recovering their…

Any directed graph G with N vertices and J edges has an associated line-graph L(G) where the J edges form the vertices of L(G). We show that the non-zero eigenvalues of the adjacency matrices are the same for all graphs of such a family…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2007-05-23 Prot Pakonski , Gregor Tanner , Karol Zyczkowski

The theory of complex trees is introduced as a new approach to study a broad class of self-similar sets. Systems of equations encoded by complex trees tip-to-tip equivalence relations are used to obtain one-parameter families of connected…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-11-13 Bernat Espigule

We present the first parallel fixed-parameter algorithm for subgraph isomorphism in planar graphs, bounded-genus graphs, and, more generally, all minor-closed graphs of locally bounded treewidth. Our randomized low depth algorithm has a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Lukas Gianinazzi , Torsten Hoefler

A general scheme for detecting and analyzing topological patterns in large complex networks is presented. In this scheme the network in question is compared with its properly randomized version that preserves some of its low-level…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-03-25 Sergei Maslov , Kim Sneppen , Alexei Zaliznyak

Processing large complex networks recently attracted considerable interest. Complex graphs are useful in a wide range of applications from technological networks to biological systems like the human brain. Sometimes these networks are…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Christian Schulz

Complex network formalism allows to explain the behavior of systems composed by interacting units. Several prototypical network models have been proposed thus far. The small-world model has been introduced to mimic two important features…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2017-10-05 Paweł Oświȩcimka , Lorenzo Livi , Stanisław Drożdż

Symmetries in a network regulate its organization into functional clustered states. Given a generic ensemble of nodes and a desirable cluster (or group of clusters), we exploit the direct connection between the elements of the eigenvector…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2023-02-22 P. Khanra , S. Ghosh , D. Aleja , K. Alfaro-Bittner , G. Contreras-Aso , R. Criado , M. Romance , S. Boccaletti , P. Pal , C. Hens

Locally finite self-similar graphs with bounded geometry and without bounded geometry as well as non-locally finite self-similar graphs are characterized by the structure of their cell graphs. Geometric properties concerning the volume…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Bernhard Krön

Using each node's degree as a proxy for its importance, the topological hierarchy of a complex network is introduced and quantified. We propose a simple dynamical process used to construct networks which are either maximally or minimally…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2008-06-24 Ala Trusina , Sergei Maslov , Petter Minnhagen , Kim Sneppen

Network models with latent geometry have been used successfully in many applications in network science and other disciplines, yet it is usually impossible to tell if a given real network is geometric, meaning if it is a typical element in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-05-23 Dmitri Krioukov

We report on parallel observations in two seemingly unrelated areas of dynamical network research. The one is the so-called small world phenomenon and/or the observation of scale freeness in certain types of large (empirical) networks and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Manfred Requardt

The present paper is the first one in the sequence of papers about a simple class of {\em framed $4$-graphs}; the goal of the present paper is to collect some well-known results on planarity and to reformulate them in the language of {\em…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-02-10 Vassily Olegovich Manturov

Motivated by the hierarchial network model of E. Ravasz, A.-L. Barabasi, and T. Vicsek, we introduce deterministic scale-free networks derived from a graph directed self-similar fractal $\Lambda $. With rigorous mathematical results we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-27 Julia Komjathy , Karoly Simon

Deterministic complex networks that use iterative generation algorithms have been found to more closely mirror properties found in real world networks than the traditional uniform random graph models. In this paper we introduce a new,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-05 Erin Meger , Abigail Raz

We offer a solution to a long-standing problem in the physics of networks, the creation of a plausible, solvable model of a network that displays clustering or transitivity -- the propensity for two neighbors of a network node also to be…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-08-13 M. E. J. Newman

For every positive integer $n$, we find a complete classification for planar graphs according to the collection of numbers of common neighbours for every $n$-tuple of distinct vertices. Our results expand the literature on planar graphical…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Riccardo W. Maffucci

Symmetries in a network connectivity regulate how the graph's functioning organizes into clustered states. Classical methods for tracing the symmetry group of a network require very high computational costs, and therefore they are of hard,…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2022-01-05 Pitambar Khanra , Subrata Ghosh , Karin Alfaro-Bittner , Prosenjit Kundu , Stefano Boccaletti , Chittaranjan Hens , Pinaki Pal

Experimentally observed complex networks are often scale-free, small-world and have unexpectedly large number of small cycles. Apollonian network is one notable example of a model network respecting simultaneously having all three of these…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-06-03 M. V. Tamm , D. G. Koval , V. I. Stadnichuk
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