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We propose an approach to reconstruct any superconducting charge qubit state by using quantum state tomography. This procedure requires a series of measurements on a large enough number of identically prepared copies of the quantum system.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Yu-xi Liu , L. F. Wei , Franco Nori

Quantum operations describe any state change allowed in quantum mechanics, including the evolution of an open system or the state change due to a measurement. In this letter we present a general method based on quantum tomography for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 G. M. D'Ariano , P. Lo Presti

The optimal state determination (or tomography) is studied for a composite system of two qubits when measurements can be performed on one of the qubits and interactions of the two qubits can be implemented. The goal is to minimize the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. Petz , K. M. Hangos , A. Szanto , F. Szollosi

The spin-coherent-state positive-operator-valued-measure (POVM) is a fundamental measurement in quantum science, with applications including tomography, metrology, teleportation, benchmarking, and measurement of Husimi phase space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-03 Ezad Shojaee , Christopher S. Jackson , Carlos A. Riofrio , Amir Kalev , Ivan H. Deutsch

Whenever we do not have an informationally complete set of measurements, the estimate of a quantum state can not be uniquely determined. In this case, among the density matrices compatible with the available data, it is commonly preferred…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-04 D. S. Gonçalves , C. Lavor , M. A. Gomes-Ruggiero , A. T. Cesário , R. O. Vianna , T. O. Maciel

We present a complete methodology for testing the performances of quantum tomography protocols. The theory is validated by several numerical examples and by the comparison with experimental results achieved with various protocols for whole…

Generalized quantum measurements (also known as POVMs) are of great importance in quantum information and quantum foundations, but often difficult to perform. We present an experimental approach which can in principle be used to perform…

Quantum state tomography seeks to reconstruct an unknown state from measurement statistics. A finite measurement (POVM) is \emph{pure-state informationally complete} (PSI-Complete) if the outcome probabilities determine any pure state up to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Dan Edidin , Ivan Gonzalez , Itzhak Tamo

The efficiency of quantum state tomography is discussed from the point of view of quantum parameter estimation theory, in which the trace of the weighted covariance is to be minimized. It is shown that tomography is optimal only when a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Koichi Yamagata

Partial tomography, which focuses on reconstructing reduced density matrices (RDMs), has emerged as a promising approach for characterizing complex quantum systems, particularly when full state tomography is impractical. Recently,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-18 Chao Wei , Tao Xin

The characterization of a quantum device is a crucial step in the development of quantum experiments. This is accomplished via Quantum Process Tomography, which combines the outcomes of different projective measurements to deliver a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-26 Francesco Di Colandrea , Nazanin Dehghan , Alessio D'Errico , Ebrahim Karimi

Quantum tomography is one of the major challenges of large-scale quantum information research due to the exponential time complexity. In this work, we develop and apply a Bayesian state estimation method to experimentally demonstrate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-13 Yang Zhengning , Shihao Ru , Lianzhen Cao , Nikolay Zheludev , Weibo Gao

Adaptive measurements have recently been shown to significantly improve the performance of quantum state and process tomography. However, the existing methods either cannot be straightforwardly applied to high-dimensional systems or are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-02 Gleb Struchalin , Egor Kovlakov , Stanislav Straupe , Sergei Kulik

We present a framework that formulates the quest for the most efficient quantum state tomography scheme as an optimization problem which can be solved numerically. This approach can be applied to a broad spectrum of relevant setups…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-17 Violeta N. Ivanova-Rohling , Guido Burkard , Niklas Rohling

Quantum state tomography is an important tool for quantum communication, computation, metrology, and simulation. Efficient quantum state tomography on a high dimensional quantum system is still a challenging problem. Here, we propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-07 Ruifeng Liu , Junling Long , Pei Zhang , Russell E. Lake , Hong Gao , David P. Pappas , Fuli Li

We consider the general measurement scenario in which the ensemble average of an operator is determined via suitable data-processing of the outcomes of a quantum measurement described by a POVM. After reviewing the optimization of data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Paolo Perinotti , Giacomo M. D'Ariano

Quantum state tomography is a technique in quantum information science used to reconstruct the density matrix of an unknown quantum state, providing complete information about the quantum state. It is of significant importance in fields…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Wenlong Zhao , Da Zhang , Huili Zhang , Haifeng Yu , Zhang-qi Yin

Given an experimental set-up and a fixed number of measurements, how should one take data in order to optimally reconstruct the state of a quantum system? The problem of optimal experiment design (OED) for quantum state tomography was first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-22 J. Nunn , B. J. Smith , G. Puentes , J. S. Lundeen , I. A. Walmsley

This review covers latest developments in continuous-variable quantum-state tomography of optical fields and photons, placing a special accent on its practical aspects and applications in quantum information technology. Optical homodyne…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 A. I. Lvovsky , M. G. Raymer

Using the the convex semidefinite programming method and superoperator formalism we obtain the finite quantum tomography of some mixed quantum states such as: qudit tomography, N-qubit tomography, phase tomography and coherent spin state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-07-27 M. A. Jafarizadeh , M. Mirzaee , M. Rezaee