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A brief review is given of different methods used to determine the pattern speeds of the Galactic bar and spiral arms. The Galactic bar rotates rapidly, with corotation about halfway between the Galactic center and the Sun, and outer…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-03-15 Ortwin Gerhard

Nonbarred ringed galaxies are relatively normal galaxies showing bright rings of star formation in spite of lacking a strong bar. This morphology is interesting because it is generally accepted that a typical ring forms when material…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-18 R. D. Grouchy , R. J. Buta , H. Salo , E. Laurikainen

This paper presents a new approach to studying galactic structures. They are considered as the low-frequency normal modes in a disc of orbits precessing at different angular speeds. Such a concept is an adequate alternative to the commonly…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 E. V. Polyachenko

Most late-type stars in the solar neighborhood have velocities similar to the local standard of rest (LSR), but there is a clearly separated secondary component corresponding to a slower rotation and a mean outward motion. Detailed…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Walter Dehnen

Based on a high quality $N$-body simulation of a double bar galaxy model, we investigate the evolution of the bar properties, including their size, strength and instantaneous pattern speed derived by using three distinct methods: the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-07-11 Yu-Ting Wu , Daniel Pfenniger , Ronald E. Taam

One of the main properties of galactic bars is their rotation (or pattern) speed, which is driven by both internal galactic properties, as well as external interactions. To assess the influence of these internal and external drivers on bar…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-30 Alex Merrow , Francesca Fragkoudi , Rob J. J. Grand , Marie Martig

Non-axisymmetries in the Galactic potential (spiral arms and bar) induce kinematic groups such as the Hercules stream. Assuming that Hercules is caused by the effects of the Outer Lindblad Resonance of the Galactic bar, we model…

A method which we have developed for determining corotation radii, has allowed us to map in detail the radial resonant structures of barred spiral galaxies. Here we have combined this information with new determinations of the bar strength…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-01-23 Joan Font , John E. Beckman , Phil A. James , Panos A. Patsis

We present a new high-resolution neutral atomic hydrogen (HI) survey of ring galaxies using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA). We target a sample of 24 ring galaxies from the Buta (1995) Southern Ring Galaxy Survey Catalogue in…

The rotation velocity of the spiral pattern of the Galaxy is determined by direct observation of the birthplaces of open clusters of stars in the galactic disk as a function of their age. Our measurement does not depend on any specific…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 W. S. Dias , J. R. D. Lépine

Bars are remarkable stellar structures that can transport gas toward centers and drive the secular evolution of galaxies. In this context, it is important to locate dynamical resonances associated with bars. For this study, we used…

Using a dataset of stars from a barred galaxy that provides instantaneous positions and velocities in the sky, we propose a method to identify its key structures, such as the central bar and spiral arms, and to determine the bar pattern…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-06-24 P. Sánchez-Martín , J. Amorós , J. J. Masdemont

Most secular effects produced by stellar bars strongly depend on the pattern speed. Unfortunately, it is also the most difficult observational parameter to estimate. In this work, we measured the bar pattern speed of 97 Milky-Way Analogue…

We use the ratio $L_{\rm FIR}/L_{\rm B}$ and the IRAS color index S$_{25}$/S$_{12}$ (both widely used as indices of relative star formation rates in galaxies) to analyse subsets (containing no known AGNs or merging/interacting galaxies) of:…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. H. Huang , Q. S. Gu , H. J. Su , T. G. Hawarden , X. H. Liao , G. X. Wu

We use a gravitational bar torque method to compare bar strengths (the maximum tangential force normalized by radial force) in B and H-band images of 152 galaxies from the Ohio State University Bright Spiral Galaxy Survey. Our main…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 T. Speltincx , E. Laurikainen , H. Salo

Bars in spiral galaxies can weaken through gas inflow towards the center, and angular momentum transfer. Several bar episodes can follow one another in the life of the galaxy, if sufficient gas is accreted from the intergalactic medium to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-05 F. Combes

To quantify the distribution of bar shapes in spiral galaxies, we have analysed 113 H-band and 89 B-band galaxy images from the Ohio State University Bright Spiral Galaxy Survey. Parameters measuring bar shape and position along the Hubble…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 L. F. Whyte , R. G. Abraham , M. R. Merrifield , P. B. Eskridge , J. A. Frogel , R. W. Pogge

Using data from the Gaia satellite's Radial Velocity Spectrometer Data Release 3 (RVS, DR3), we find a new and robust feature in the phase space distribution of halo stars. It is a prominent ridge at constant energy and with angular…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-07-21 Adam M. Dillamore , Vasily Belokurov , N. Wyn Evans , Elliot Y. Davies

In this paper we analyse the methodology to derive the bar pattern speed from dynamical simulations. The results are robust to the changes in the vertical-scale height and in the mass-to-light (M/L) ratios. There is a small range of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-02-08 I. Perez , K. C. Freeman , R. Fux , A. Zurita

Our recent studies of axial-symmetry breaking in the nearby ($d <3 \,{\rm kpc}$) star counts are sensitive to the distortions of stellar orbits perpendicular and parallel to the orientation of the bar just within and beyond the outer…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-08-20 Austin Hinkel , Susan Gardner , Brian Yanny