Related papers: Crowded-Field Astrometry with SIM PlanetQuest. II.…

A key processing step in ground-based astronomy involves combining multiple noisy and blurry exposures to produce an image of the night sky with an improved signal-to-noise ratio. Typically, this is achieved via image coaddition, and can be…

We present the description of the instruments and the first results of the PRime-focus Infrared Microlensing Experiment (PRIME). PRIME is the first dedicated near-infrared (NIR) microlensing survey telescope located at the South African…

The problem of denoising a one-dimensional signal possessing varying degrees of smoothness is ubiquitous in time-domain astronomy and astronomical spectroscopy. For example, in the time domain, an astronomical object may exhibit a smoothly…

The search for Earth-like exoplanets requires high-contrast and high-angular resolution instruments, which designs can be very complex: they need an adaptive optics system to compensate for the effect of the atmospheric turbulence on image…

We describe a rapid and direct method for regularizing, post-facto, the point-spread function (PSF) of a telescope or other imaging instrument, across its entire field of view. Imaging instruments in general blur point sources of light by…

We demonstrate spectroscopy of incoherent light with sub-diffraction resolution. In a proof-of-principle experiment we analyze the spectrum of a pair of incoherent point-like sources whose separation is below the diffraction limit. The two…

Conventional ground-based optical telescopes, even those with large apertures, primarily observe stars, close binaries, and multiple systems as unresolved point sources through photometric measurements. Spectroscopy can identify multiple…

In a few years astrometry with the venerable combination of Hubble Space Telescope and Fine Guidance Sensor will be replaced by SIM, GAIA, and long-baseline interferometry. Until then we remain a resource of choice for sub-millisecond of…

Detecting the angles and orbits of remote targets precisely has been playing crucial roles in astrophysical research. Due to the resolution limitations imposed by the Airy disk in a single telescope, optical interferometric schemes with at…

This Point spread function (PSF) plays a crucial role in many computational imaging applications, such as shape from focus/defocus, depth estimation, and fluorescence microscopy. However, the mathematical model of the defocus process is…

We present the intensity foreground algorithms and model employed within the BeyondPlanck analysis framework. The BeyondPlanck analysis is aimed at integrating component separation and instrumental parameter sampling within a global…

Ultrasound images formed by delay-and-sum beamforming are plagued by artifacts that only clear up after compounding many transmissions. Some prior works pose imaging as an inverse problem. This approach can yield high image quality with few…

Instrument models (IMs) enable the reduction of systematic error in transit spectroscopy light curve data, but, since the model formulation can influence the estimation of science model parameters, characterization of the instrument model…

We present a new technique based on fixed-delay interferometry for high throughput, high precision and multi-object Doppler radial velocity (RV) surveys for extra-solar planets. The Doppler measurements are conducted through monitoring the…

Near-future astronomical survey experiments, such as LSST, possess system requirements of unprecedented fidelity that span photometry, astrometry and shape transfer. Some of these requirements flow directly to the array of science imaging…

In a focused ion beam (FIB) microscope, source particles interact with a small volume of a sample to generate secondary electrons that are detected, pixel by pixel, to produce a micrograph. Randomness of the number of incident particles…

Because of bright starlight leakage in coronagraphic raw images, faint astrophysical objects such as exoplanets can only be detected using powerful point spread function (PSF) subtraction algorithms. However, these algorithms have strong…

In early 2024, ESA formally adopted the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) space mission with the aim of measuring gravitational waves emitted in the millihertz range. The constellation employs three spacecraft that exchange laser…

Due to the choice of very dense star fields for a higher event rate, the current microlensing searches suffer from large uncertainties caused by blending effect. To measure light variations of microlensing events free from the effect of…

The gravitational fields of astrophysical bodies bend the light around them, creating multiple paths along which light from a distant source can arrive at Earth. Measuring the difference in photon arrival time along these different paths…