Related papers: The PHOBOS Glauber Monte Carlo
Using a viscosity-based survival scale for geometrical perturbations formed in the early stages of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, we model the radial flow velocity during freeze-out. Subsequently, we employ the Cooper-Frye freeze-out…
An empirical numerical model that includes nuclear absorption, multiple Coulomb scattering, and energy loss is presented in this work to calculate the transmission of the thick objects in high energy proton radiography, and in this…
It is shown that the wounded nucleon model describes very well the recent PHOBOS data on particle production in D-Au collisions at 200 GeV. Contribution to particle production from a single wounded nucleon is determined. A two-component…
The PHOBOS experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory is studying interactions of heavy nuclei at the largest energies available in the laboratory. The high multiplicity of particles created…
We review integrated dynamical approaches to describe heavy ion reaction as a whole at ultrarelativistic energies. Since final observables result from all the history of the reaction, it is important to describe all the stages of the…
Event-by-event reconstruction of the collision geometry using some incarnation of the Glauber-model is a widely accepted method in studying heavy ion collisions. While there is no known problem with the procedure when applied to the…
The study of flow can provide information on the initial state dynamics and the degree of equilibration attained in heavy ion collisions. This contribution presents results for both elliptic and directed flow as determined from data…
This work presents an analysis of event-by-event multiplicity fluctuations as a sensitive tool for diagnosing the state of matter produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Using a modified version of the HIJING Monte Carlo generator,…
The scaling rules of the invariant yields and cross sections for hard scattering processes in proton-nucleus ($pA$) and nucleus-nucleus ($AB$) reactions at LHC energies relative to those of nucleon-nucleon $NN$ (isospin averaged $pp$)…
Recent work has provided the means to rigorously determine properties of super-hadronic matter from experimental data through the application of broad scale modeling of high-energy nuclear collisions within a Bayesian framework. These…
PHOBOS is one of four experiments studying Au-Au collisions at RHIC. During the first running period RHIC provided Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$ = 56 GeV and 130 GeV. The data collected during this period allowed us to study the…
Monte Carlo method is a broad class of computational algorithms that rely on repeated random sampling to obtain numerical results. They are often used in physical and mathematical problems and are most useful when it is difficult or…
Results from proton-proton ($pp$) collisions have routinely been used as a baseline to analyze and understand the production of QCD matter expected to be produced in nuclear collisions. But recent studies of small systems formed in $pp$…
We study within the Monte Carlo Glauber model the influence of collective quantum effects in the Pb nucleus on the azimuthal anisotropy coefficients $\epsilon_{2,3}$ in Pb+Pb collisions at the LHC energies. To account for the quantum…
Measurements from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) can be used to study the properties of quark-gluon plasma. Systematic constraints on these properties must combine measurements from different…
The PHOBOS experiment at RHIC has measured large samples of Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions using a detector with uniquely large angular acceptance. These data enable studies of particle production over a very wide pseudorapidity interval which…
Monte Carlo simulation provides a powerful tool for understanding and exploring thermodynamic phase equilibria in many-particle interacting systems. Among the most physically intuitive simulation methods is Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo…
Multiplicity fluctuations in heavy ion collisions obtain comparable contributions both from initial stage of the collisions, and from final stage interaction. We calculate the former component, using the ``wounded nucleon'' model and…
We present a simple way to construct 3D initial conditions for relativistic heavy-ion collisions based on the Glauber collision geometry. Local energy and momentum conservation conditions are imposed to set non-trivial constraints on our…
We outline the steps needed in to calibrate the Monte Carlo code in order to perform large scale simulations of real globular clusters. We calibrate the results against $N$-body simulations for $N = 2500$, 10000 and for the old open cluster…