Related papers: Generalized improper integral definition for infin…
It is shown that any finitely generated subring of a global field has a universal first-order definition in its fraction field. This covers Koenigsmann's result for the ring of integers and its subsequent extensions to rings of integers in…
Multidimensional combinatorial substitutions are rules that replace symbols by finite patterns of symbols in $\mathbb Z^d$. We focus on the case where the patterns are not necessarily rectangular, which requires a specific description of…
The concept of measurement is discussed. It is argued that counting process in mathematics is also measurement which requires a basic unit. The idea of scale is put forward. The basic unit itself, which are composed of the infinitesimal of…
In applied probability, the normal approximation is often used for the distribution of data with assumed additive structure. This tradition is based on the central limit theorem for sums of (independent) random variables. However, it is…
This paper explores the generalization characteristics of iterative learning algorithms with bounded updates for non-convex loss functions, employing information-theoretic techniques. Our key contribution is a novel bound for the…
In this paper, new refinements for integral and sum forms of H\"older inequality are established. We note that many existing inequalities related to the H\"older inequality can be improved via obtained new inequalities in here, we show this…
When a proposition has no proof in an inference system, it is sometimes useful to build a counter-proof explaining, step by step, the reason of this non-provability. In general, this counter-proof is a (possibly) infinite co-inductive proof…
Topological mapping of a large physical system on a graph, and its decomposition using universal measures is proposed. We find inherent limits to the potential for optimization of a given system and its approximate representations by…
We consider a control system with dynamics which are affine in the (unbounded) derivative of the control $u$. We introduce a notion of generalized solution $x$ on $[0,T]$ for controls $u$ of bounded total variation on $[0,t]$ for every…
Two models of integral theory based on the concept of a differential as a certain infinitesimal quantity are considered. One theory treats an infinitesimal quantity as a zero-tending sequence. The second is as an infinitesimal Hyper-real.
Transitive closure logic is a known extension of first-order logic obtained by introducing a transitive closure operator. While other extensions of first-order logic with inductive definitions are a priori parametrized by a set of inductive…
We present a definition for the sum of a sequence of combinatorial games. This sum coincides with the classical sum in the case of a converging sequence of real numbers and with the infinitary natural sum in the case of a sequence of…
It is noted that the standard definition of the fractional Laplacian leads to a hyper-singular convolution integral and is also obscure about how to implement the boundary conditions. This purpose of this note is to introduce a new…
In this paper, we obtain a new estimate for uniform integrability under sublinear expectations. Based on this, we establish the limit theorems under nonlinear expectations dominated by sublinear expectations through tightness, and the limit…
A broader definition of generalized truncations of graphs is introduced followed by an exploration of some standard concepts and parameters with regard to generalized truncations.
This paper presents a generalization for Differential and Integral Calculus. Just as the derivative is the instantaneous angular coefficient of the tangent line to a function, the generalized derivative is the instantaneous parameter value…
This paper is devoted to the study of metric subregularity and strong subregularity of any positive order $q$ for set-valued mappings in finite and infinite dimensions. While these notions have been studied and applied earlier for $q=1$…
Sequences diverge either because they head off to infinity or because they oscillate. Part 1 \cite{Part1} of this paper laid the pure mathematics groundwork by defining Archimedean classes of infinite numbers as limits of smooth sequences.…
The definition of infinite dimensional Fresnel integrals is generalized to the case of polynomial phase functions of any degree and applied to the construction of a functional integral representation of the solution of a general class of…
Recently, Defant and Propp [2020] defined the degree of noninvertibility of a function $f\colon X\to Y$ between two finite nonempty sets by $\text{deg}(f)=\frac{1}{|X|}\sum_{x\in X}|f^{-1}(f(x))|$. We obtain an exact formula for the…