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Supermassive Black Holes (BHs) are known to efficiently grow through gas accretion, but even sustained and intense mass build-up through this mechanism struggles to explain the assembly of the most massive BHs observed in the local…

Active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback from accreting supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is an essential ingredient of galaxy formation simulations. The orbital evolution of SMBHs is affected by dynamical friction that cannot be predicted…

We investigate how hierarchical models for the co-evolution of the massive black hole (MBH) and AGN population can reproduce the observed faint X-ray counts. We find that the main variable influencing the theoretical predictions is the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Marta Volonteri , Ruben Salvaterra , Francesco Haardt

The observational link between Supermassive Black Holes (SMBH) and galaxies at low redshift seems to be very tight, and statistically the global evolution of star formation activity and BH accretion activity also seem to trace each other…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-08-11 Rachel S. Somerville

The vast amount of energy released by active galactic nuclei (AGN) is increasingly recognized as a key driver of evolution not only in massive galaxies and clusters, but also in low-mass dwarf galaxies. Despite this, their role in the early…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-04 Mahsa Sanati , Julien Devriendt , SergioMartin-Alvarez , Adrianne Slyz , Jonathan C. Tan

Among the emerging excess of massive, bright galaxies at Cosmic Dawn $z \gtrsim 9$ seen by the James Webb Space Telescope, several exhibit spectral features associated with active galactic nuclei (AGN). These AGN candidates suggest that…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-23 James Sunseri , Zachary L. Andalman , Romain Teyssier

We present a new implementation of the GAlaxy Evolution and Assembly (GAEA) semi-analytic model, that features an improved modelling of the process of cold gas accretion onto supermassive black hole (SMBHs), derived from both analytic…

The structure of the accretion flow onto supermassive black holes (SMBH) is not well understood. Standard disc models match to zeroth order in predicting substantial energy dissipation within optically-thick material producing a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-02 Scott Hagen , Chris Done , John D. Silverman , Junyao Li , Teng Liu , Wenke Ren , Johannes Buchner , Andrea Merloni , Tohru Nagao , Mara Salvato

We analyse the demographics of black holes (BHs) in the large-volume cosmological hydrodynamical simulation Horizon-AGN. This simulation statistically models how much gas is accreted onto BHs, traces the energy deposited into their…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-07-27 Marta Volonteri , Yohan Dubois , Christophe Pichon , Julien Devriendt

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revealed low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at redshifts of $z\gtrsim 4-7$, many of which host accreting massive black holes (BHs) with BH-to-galaxy mass ($M_{\rm BH}/M_{\star}$) ratios…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-03-07 Haojie Hu , Kohei Inayoshi , Zoltan Haiman , Luis C. Ho , Ken Ohsuga

(Abridged) We present a simple framework for the growth and evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the hierarchical structure formation paradigm. In our model, black hole accretion is triggered during major mergers (mass…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-24 Yue Shen

Aims: We investigate the cosmological growth of dark halos and follow the consequences of coeval growth for the accretion history of associated supermassive black holes. Methods: The Press-Schechter approximation is used to obtain an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 L. Miller , W. J. Percival , S. M. Croom , A. Babic

We explore the evolution with redshift of the rest-frame colours and space densities of AGN hosts (relative to normal galaxies) to shed light on the dominant mechanism that triggers accretion onto supermassive black holes as a function of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 A. Georgakakis , A. L. Coil , C. N. A. Willmer , K. Nandra , D. D. Kocevski , M. C. Cooper , D. J. Rosario , D. C. Koo , J. R. Trump , S. Juneau

Understanding the relationship between supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies at different redshifts is crucial for unraveling the processes of SMBH-galaxy co-evolution. We present the properties of nine type 1 Active…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-03 Atsushi Hoshi , Toru Yamada

We use a phenomenological model to show that black hole growth in the local Universe (z < 0.1) can be described by two separate, mass independent Eddington ratio distribution functions (ERDFs). We assume that black holes can be divided into…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-08-30 Anna K. Weigel , Kevin Schawinski , Neven Caplar , O. Ivy Wong , Ezequiel Treister , Benny Trakhtenbrot

In this study, we present a detailed, statistical analysis of black hole growth and the evolution of active galactic nuclei (AGN) using cosmological hydrodynamic simulations run down to $z=0$. The simulations self-consistently follow…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Michaela Hirschmann , Klaus Dolag , Alexandro Saro , Lisa Karin Bachmann , Stefano Borgani , Andreas Burkert

We present a simple semi-numerical model designed to explore black hole growth and galaxy evolution. This method builds on a previous model for black hole accretion that uses a semi-numerical galaxy formation model and universal Eddington…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-09-04 Mackenzie L. Jones , R. C. Hickox , S. J. Mutch , D. J. Croton , A. F. Ptak , M. A. DiPompeo

We investigate the relation of black hole mass versus host stellar mass and that of mass accretion rate versus star formation rate (SFR) in moderately luminous ($\log L_{\rm bol} \sim 44.5-46.5\ {\rm erg\ s^{-1}}$), X-ray selected…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-03-24 Kenta Setoguchi , Yoshihiro Ueda , Yoshiki Toba , Masayuki Akiyama

We explore the connections between the evolving galaxy and AGN populations. We present a simple phenomenological model that links the evolving galaxy mass function and the evolving quasar luminosity function, which makes specific and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-10-07 Neven Caplar , Simon J. Lilly , Benny Trakhtenbrot

We propose a new evolutionary model of a supermassive black hole (SMBH) and a circumnuclear disk (CND), taking into account the mass-supply from a host galaxy and the physical states of CND. In the model, two distinct accretion modes…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Nozomu Kawakatu , Keiichi Wada