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We investigate the abiotic production of oxygen and its photochemical byproduct ozone through water vapor photolysis in moist atmospheres of temperate terrestrial exoplanets. The amount of water vapor available for photolysis in the middle…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-08 Armin Kleinböhl , Karen Willacy , A. James Friedson , Pin Chen , Mark R. Swain

We present a theoretical study of the impact of oxygen diffusion in oxide crystals on metal dopants ionic state and the conduction type under dynamic changes. The slow changes under thermal equilibrium are provided in a companion, Part I…

Materials Science · Physics 2018-06-06 Misha Sinder , Zeev Burshtein , Joshua Pelleg

We propose a new type of morphological instability in the diffusion-limited growth of faceted crystals from the vapor phase that can explain the formation of thin ice plates at temperatures near -15 C. The instability appears when the…

Materials Science · Physics 2007-05-23 Kenneth G. Libbrecht

In recent years, several potentially habitable, probably terrestrial exoplanets and exoplanet candidates have been discovered. The amount of CO2 in their atmosphere is of great importance for surface conditions and habitability. In the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Philip von Paris , J. Lee Grenfell , Pascal Hedelt , Heike Rauer , Franck Selsis , Barbara Stracke

We describe a novel crystal growth instability that enhances the development of thin edges, promoting the formation of plate-like or hollow columnar morphologies. This instability arises when diffusion-limited growth is coupled with…

Materials Science · Physics 2012-09-25 Kenneth G. Libbrecht

Variations with oxygen concentration of titanium lattice parameters are obtained by means of ab initio calculations, considering the impact of oxygen ordering. The quasiharmonic approximation is used to take into account the thermal…

This monograph reviews our current understanding of the physical dynamics of ice crystal growth, focusing on the spontaneous formation of complex structures from water vapor (called snow crystals) as a function of temperature,…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-12-10 Kenneth G. Libbrecht

Combining density-functional theory and thermodynamics we compute the phase diagram of surface structures of rutile RuO2 (110) in equilibrium with water vapor in the complete range of experimentally accessible gas phase conditions. Through…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-10 Qiang Sun , Karsten Reuter , Matthias Scheffler

Observations show that (i) multiple gas phases can coexist in the atmospheres of galaxies and clusters; (ii) these atmospheres may be significantly rotating in the inner parts, with typical velocities that approach or even exceed the local…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-03-27 Emanuele Sobacchi , Mattia Sormani

Nitrogen oxides are textbook class of molecular compounds, with extensive industrial applications. Nitrogen and oxygen are also among the most abundant elements in the universe. We explore the N-O system at 0 K and up to 500 GPa though ab…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-06-30 Dongxu Li , Artem R. Oganov , Xiao Dong , Xiang-Feng Zhou , Qiang Zhu , Guangrui Qian , Huafeng Dong

The gas and effective electron temperatures have been estimated for atmospheric microplasma by means of optical emission spectroscopy. The results have shown that the microplasma exhibits nonequilibrium and, as its size is reduced, the two…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2010-03-16 Davide Mariotti

Simultaneous differential thermal analysis (DTA) and thermogravimetric (TG) measurements with copper oxide/aluminum oxide mixtures were performed in atmospheres with varying oxygen partial pressures and with crucibles made of different…

Materials Science · Physics 2017-11-28 Nora Wolff , Detlef Klimm , Dietmar Siche

Mm-sized LiMn$_{1-x}$Fe$_x$PO$_4$ single crystals with $0\leq x \leq 1$ were grown by means of the traveling floating-zone technique at elevated Argon pressure of 30~bar. For the various doping levels, the growth process was optimized with…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-02-07 Christoph Neef , Hubert Wadepohl , Hans-Peter Meyer , Rüdiger Klingeler

We describe a comprehensive model for the formation and morphological development of atmospheric ice crystals growing from water vapor, also known as snow crystals. Our model derives in part from empirical measurements of the intrinsic ice…

Materials Science · Physics 2012-11-26 Kenneth G. Libbrecht

The make-up of the outer planets, and many of their moons, are dominated by matter from the H-C-N-O chemical space, commonly assumed to originate from mixtures of hydrogen and the planetary ices H$_2$O, CH$_4$, and NH$_3$. In their…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-11-30 Lewis J. Conway , Chris J. Pickard , Andreas Hermann

Spatially homogeneous thermal equilibria of self-gravitating gas, being impossible otherwise, are nevertheless allowed in an expanding background accounting for Universe's expansion. Furthermore, a fixed density at the boundary of a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-12-13 Zacharias Roupas

Iron oxides are fundamental components of planet-forming materials. Understanding the Fe-O system's behavior and properties under high pressure can help us identify many new phases and states possible in exoplanetary interiors, especially…

Massive steam and CO$_2$ atmospheres have been proposed for magma ocean outgassing of Earth and terrestrial planets. Yet formation of such atmospheres depends on volatile exchange with the molten interior, governed by volatile solubilities…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-03 Dan J. Bower , Kaustubh Hakim , Paolo A. Sossi , Patrick Sanan

This work presents theoretical studies which combine aspects of combustion and explosion theory with exoplanetary atmospheric science. Super Earths could possess a large amount of molecular hydrogen depending on disk, planetary and stellar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-07-18 John Lee Grenfell , Stefanie Gebauer , Mareike Godolt , Barbara Stracke , Ralph Lehmann , Heike Rauer

By applying a genetic algorithm in a cascade approach of increasing accuracy, we calculate the composition and structure of MgMOx clusters at realistic temperatures and oxygen pressures. The stable and metastable systems are identified by…