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We consider the problem of determining the mixed quantum state of a large but finite number of identically prepared quantum systems from data obtained in a sequence of ideal (von Neumann) measurements, each performed on an individual copy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Franz Embacher , Heide Narnhofer

In a partially observed quantum or classical system the information that we cannot access results in our description of the system becoming mixed even if we have perfect initial knowledge. That is, if the system is quantum the conditional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Jay Gambetta , H. M. Wiseman

Quantum metrology based on quantum entanglement and quantum coherence improves the accuracy of measurement. In this paper, we briefly review the schemes of quantum metrology in various complex systems, including non-Markovian noise,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-18 Qing Ai , Yang-Yang Wang , Jing Qiu

We show that measuring any two quantum states by a random POVM, under a suitable definition of randomness, gives probability distributions having total variation distance at least a universal constant times the Frobenius distance between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Pranab Sen

In this note we address the question of whether any any quantum computational model that allows adaptive measurements can be simulated by a model that allows postselected measurements. We argue in the favor of this question and prove that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-07-19 Vikram Dhillon

The statistics of local measurements performed on certain entangled states can be reproduced using a local hidden variable (LHV) model. While all known models make use of an infinite amount of shared randomness---the physical relevance of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-07 Joseph Bowles , Flavien Hirsch , Marco Túlio Quintino , Nicolas Brunner

Estimation of physical observables for unknown quantum states is an important problem that underlies a wide range of fields, including quantum information processing, quantum physics, and quantum chemistry. In the context of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-21 Yuma Nakamura , Yoshichika Yano , Nobuyuki Yoshioka

We consider an ideal experiment in which unlimited nonprojective quantum measurements are sequentially performed on a system that is initially entangled with a distant one. At each step of the sequence, the measurements are randomly chosen…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-30 Armin Tavakoli , Adán Cabello

Quantum state tomography is a key process in most quantum experiments. In this work, we employ quantum machine learning for state tomography. Given an unknown quantum state, it can be learned by maximizing the fidelity between the output of…

An important problem in quantum information theory is to understand what makes entangled quantum systems non-local or hard to simulate efficiently. In this work we consider situations in which various parties have access to a restricted set…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-19 Hussain Anwar , Sania Jevtic , Oliver Rudolph , Shashank Virmani

Measurement of entanglement remains an important problem for quantum information. We present the design and simulation of an experimental method for entanglement estimation for a general multiqubit state. The system can be in a pure or a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-09 E. C. Behrman , J. E. Steck

Quantum state tomography is a fundamental tool in quantum information processing. It allows us to estimate the state of a quantum system by measuring different observables on many identically prepared copies of the system. This is, in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-28 Carlos A. Riofrío

With a view to quantum foundations, we define the concepts of an empirical model (a probabilistic model describing measurements and outcomes), a hidden-variable model (an empirical model augmented by unobserved variables), and various…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-01-16 Adam Brandenburger , H. Jerome Keisler

We consider the problem of a state determination for a two-level quantum system which can be in one of two nonorthogonal mixed states. It is proved that for the two independent identical systems the optimal combined measurement (which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. E. Allahverdyan , D. B. Saakian

Continuous-variable quantum states are of particular importance in various quantum information processing tasks including quantum communication and quantum sensing. However, a bottleneck has emerged with the fast increasing in size of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-13 Ye-Chao Liu , Jiangwei Shang , Xiangdong Zhang

We consider the problem of determining the state of a quantum system given one or more readings of the expectation value of an observable. The system is assumed to be a finite dimensional quantum control system for which we can influence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Domenico D'Alessandro

Simulating quantum systems in a finite volume is a powerful theoretical tool to extract information about them. Real-world properties of the system are encoded in how its discrete energy levels change with the size of the volume. This…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-04-12 S. König

A recent result about measurability of a quantum state of a single quantum system is generalized to the case of a single pre- and post-selected quantum system described by a two-state vector. The protection required for such measurement is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Y. Aharonov , L. Vaidman

In measurement-based quantum computation, quantum algorithms are implemented via sequences of measurements. We describe a translationally invariant finite-range interaction on a one-dimensional qudit chain and prove that a single-shot…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Dominik Janzing , Pawel Wocjan , Shengyu Zhang

We show that every quantum computation can be described by Bayesian update of a probability distribution on a finite state space. When applied to the model of quantum computation with magic states, the size of this state space only depends…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-02 Michael Zurel , Cihan Okay , Robert Raussendorf