English
Related papers

Related papers: Probabilistic proofs of hook length formulas invol…

200 papers

The Rabin tree theorem yields an algorithm to solve the satisfiability problem for monadic second-order logic over infinite trees. Here we solve the probabilistic variant of this problem. Namely, we show how to compute the probability that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Damian Niwiński , Paweł Parys , Michał Skrzypczak

We present a very simple bijective proof of Cayley's formula due to Foata and Fuchs (1970). This bijection turns out to be very useful when seen through a probabilistic lens; we explain some of the ways in which it can be used to derive…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-11-21 Louigi Addario-Berry , Serte Donderwinkel , Mickaël Maazoun , James Martin

The hierarchical and recursive expressive capability of rooted trees is applicable to represent statistical models in various areas, such as data compression, image processing, and machine learning. On the other hand, such hierarchical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Yuta Nakahara , Shota Saito , Akira Kamatsuka , Toshiyasu Matsushima

In a first part, we formalize the construction of combinatorial Hopf algebras from plactic-like monoids using polynomial realizations. Thank to this construction we reveal a lattice structure on those combinatorial Hopf algebras. As an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-03-25 Jean-Baptiste Priez

We first show that increasing trees are in bijection with set compositions, extending simultaneously a recent result on trees due to Tonks and a classical result on increasing binary trees. We then consider algebraic structures on the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Frederic Patras , Manfred Schocker

We prove an asymptotic Edgeworth expansion for the profiles of certain random trees including binary search trees, random recursive trees and plane-oriented random trees, as the size of the tree goes to infinity. All these models can be…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-10-06 Zakhar Kabluchko , Alexander Marynych , Henning Sulzbach

We study probability distributions over free algebras of trees. Probability distributions can be seen as particular (formal power) tree series [Berstel et al 82, Esik et al 03], i.e. mappings from trees to a semiring K . A widely studied…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2008-07-21 François Denis , Amaury Habrard , Rémi Gilleron , Marc Tommasi , Édouard Gilbert

A proper vertex of a rooted tree with totally ordered vertices is a vertex that is less than all its proper descendants. We count several kinds of labeled rooted trees and forests by the number of proper vertices. Our results are all…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-04-02 Ira M. Gessel , Seunghyun Seo

There is an unproven duality theory hypothesizing that random discrete trees and their poissonized embeddings in continuous time share fundamental properties. We give additional evidence in favor of this theory by showing that several…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-03-04 Carly Domicolo , Panpan Zhang , Hosam Mahmoud

One of the main virtues of trees is to represent formal solutions of various functional equations which can be cast in the form of fixed point problems. Basic examples include differential equations and functional (Lagrange) inversion in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-02-12 Florent Hivert , Jean-Christophe Novelli , Jean-Yves Thibon

Tree search is a fundamental tool for planning, as many sequential decision-making problems can be framed as searching over tree-structured spaces. We propose an uncertainty-guided tree search algorithm for settings where the reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Julia Grosse , Ruotian Wu , Ahmad Rashid , Cheng Zhang , Philipp Hennig , Pascal Poupart , Agustinus Kristiadi

We obtain assumption-free, non-asymptotic, uniform bounds on the product of the height and the width of uniformly random trees with a given degree sequence, conditioned Bienaym\'e trees and simply generated trees. We show that for a tree of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Serte Donderwinkel , Robin Khanfir

The finite satisfiability problem for the two-variable fragment of first-order logic interpreted over trees was recently shown to be ExpSpace-complete. We consider two extensions of this logic. We show that adding either additional binary…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-11-28 Bartosz Bednarczyk , Witold Charatonik , Emanuel Kieroński

Peca suggested in a recent paper on the arxiv to consider binary butterfly trees and their Horton-Strahler numbers. The trees are obtained by glueing two binary trees together in a special way; the results are again binary trees but with a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-22 Helmut Prodinger

The tangent number $T_{2n+1}$ is equal to the number of increasing labelled complete binary trees with $2n+1$ vertices. This combinatorial interpretation immediately proves that $T_{2n+1}$ is divisible by $2^n$. However, a stronger…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-28 Guo-Niu Han , Jing-Yi Liu

In this paper, we take interest in finding applications for a hook-length formula recently proved in (Morales Pak Panova 2016). This formula can be applied to give a non trivial relation between alternating permutations and weighted Dyck…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-18 Lucas Randazzo

In this paper, we define two kinds of hook length for internal vertices of complete $m$-ary trees, and deduce their corresponding hook length formulas, which generalize the main results obtained by Du and Liu.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-05-12 Yidong Sun , Huajun Zhang

Cayley's formula states that the number of labelled trees on $n$ vertices is $n^{n-2}$, and many of the current proofs involve complex structures or rigorous computation. We present a bijective proof of the formula by providing an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-08 Steven Hao , Andrew He , Ray Li , Scott Wu

We propose a new conjecture on some exponential sums. These particular sums have not apparently been considered in the literature. Subject to the conjecture we obtain the first effective construction of asymptotically good tree codes. The…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2013-12-11 Cristopher Moore , Leonard J. Schulman

In this paper a general class of tree algorithms is analyzed. It is shown that, by using an appropriate probabilistic representation of the quantities of interest, the asymptotic behavior of these algorithms can be obtained quite easily…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-08-16 Hanène Mohamed , Philippe Robert